兩岸三地青少年約會暴力盛行率及其與憂鬱情緒關係之探討

The prevalence rate and depression underlying adolescent dating violence among Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Shanghai

目標：本文旨在探討不同的華人社會中，青少年經歷約會暴力的盛行率及其與憂鬱情緒之關係。方法：本研究對象是在兩岸三地（台灣、香港、上海）就讀國、高中的青少年共3,138位（來自42個學校）。抽樣方法採用兩階段式的分層隨機抽樣。測量工具是自我報告式的問卷調查，其中包括「約會暴力量表」與「青少年憂鬱情緒自我檢視表」。結果：共有31.7%（N=994）的研究參與者表示曾有交往的經驗；平均開始交往的年齡為13.7歲。台灣青少年的施暴盛行率為22.5%；受暴盛行率為29.9%。香港青少年的施暴盛行率為32.2%；受暴盛行率為42.7%。上海青少年的施暴盛行率為22.5%；受暴盛行率為49.2%。兩岸三地在施暴與受暴的盛行率上有顯著差異。香港青少年有較高的施暴盛行率；上海的青少年有較高的受暴盛行率。此外，t檢定結果顯示約會暴力受害者的憂鬱程度顯著地高於沒有受暴經驗者。結論：兩岸三地青少年施暴與受暴的盛行率高，亟需情感教育以及約會暴力防治方案。 Objectives: This study aims to examine the prevalence rates and depression underlying adolescent dating violence in three different Chinese societies: Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Shanghai. Methods: Data were collected via self-report measurements from a probability sample of 3,138 students in 42 middle and senior high schools. The measures included Dating Violence Scale and Adolescent Depression Inventory. Results: The research results show that 31.7% of the participants had dating experiences and that they started dating at the age of 13.7 on average. Among those who dated in Taiwan, the prevalence rate for dating violence perpetration is 22.5%, and the prevalence rate for dating violence victimization is 29.9%. Among those who dated in Hong Kong, the prevalence rate for dating violence perpetration is 32.2%, and the prevalence rate for dating violence victimization is 42.7%. Among those who dated in Shanghai, the prevalence rate for dating violence perpetration is 22.5%, and the prevalence rate for dating violence victimization is 49.2%. A comparison of the three above-mentioned Chinese societies shows that the prevalence rates are significantly different: Hong Kong has highest prevalence rate for dating violence perpetration, and Shanghai has highest prevalence rate for dating violence victimization. Moreover, t-test shows that the depressive degrees are significantly higher among dating violence victims than those who do not have dating violence experiences. Conclusions: The present findings of the high prevalence rates in dating violence underscore the importance of relationship education and dating violence prevention and intervention programs for adolescents.