馬來西亞經濟發展的思路與策略

Strategies of Malaysia's Economic Development

馬來西亞獨立初期經濟發展以礦業和農業為主，實施保障馬來人利益的「新經濟政策」以消弭貧窮和種族間的財富不均。1970年代末由進口替代轉出口導向成長模式。1981年馬哈迪以「國家發展政策」展開馬來西亞第二波的經濟改革，推動產業結構升級、放寬外資管制、積極民營化。2009年納吉以「新經濟模型」解除管制，加速市場自由化，並提出「一個馬來西亞」，此為第三波經濟改革。本文檢視馬來西亞獨立以來各階段經濟發展的思路與策略，研究發現經濟自由化在中國一帶一路的龐大資金投入下，馬來西亞正面臨債務壓力，重大投資計畫暫緩，未來全球伊斯蘭金融服務中心以及全球清真食品發展中心的發展極具潛力。 The ?New Economic Policy, NEP? to protect the interests of the Bumiputera was implemented to eliminate wealth inequality between races in Malaysia. By the late 1970s the economic growth model was transferred from import substitution to export-oriented. In 1981, industrial upgrading, relaxed foreign investment controls, privatization of enterprises were due to the ?National Development Policy, NEP.? In 2009, Najib ruled the ?New Economic Model, NEM? to deregulate and accelerate market liberalization. It's the third economic reforms and proposes ?One Malaysia.? This article examines the strategies of economic development at various stages since Malaysia's independence, and the study found that economic liberalization has caused the huge capital investment of China's ?One Belt and One Road? to move in, and Malaysia is facing debt pressure. Some major investment plans are suspended, and global Islamic financial services center and Halal food development center are parts of Malaysia's trend industries.