英國探索體育發展與現況之個案研究：以英國一所大學體育學系為例

A Case Study Investigating the Development and Current Status of Adventure-Physical Education in England–Taking the Department of Physical Education in an English University as an Example

戶外冒險活動（Outdoor and Adventurous Activities）作為體育課程的一部分已在英國學校教育中廣泛實施，而在台灣稱為探索體育。根據英國國家課程（Department for Education, 2013），戶外冒險活動已納入所有公立學校的體育課程。因此，體育教師在學校教育實施戶外冒險活動上扮演舉足輕重的角色。本研究目的旨在探究英國體育教育中戶外冒險活動課程的實施，主要針對高等教育體育學系提供的戶外冒險活動課程。依據研究目的，研究者擇定43位體育系學生與3位體育系教師為對象，並運用混合研究法與採用三角數據收集與分析方式（問卷調查、焦點小組訪談和深入訪談）。為了有意義的理解資料，研究者使用「紮根」方法的原則進行資料收集與數據分析。研究發現：不是每間英國學校皆提供戶外冒險活動學習。部分英國學校仍存在一些障礙影響戶外冒險活動的實施，例如教師與領導階層對其教育目標存在不同的認知與看法。體育學系提供的戶外冒險活動課程有效地提供相關基礎知識，並培養體育系學生具備足夠能力實施戶外冒險活動的教學。此一研究結果與英國國家課綱存在實施差異。最後，研究者對未來研究與實務推廣方向提出相關建議。 As a part of physical education programs, Outdoor and Adventurous Activities, which are called adventure-physical education in Taiwan, have been comprehensively implemented in the English school education. According to The National Curriculum for England (2013), outdoor and adventurous activities have been included in the physical education courses of all public schools. Therefore, physical education teachers play an important role in implementation of outdoor and adventurous activities in school education. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the implementation of outdoor and adventurous activities courses in English physical education. The outdoor and adventurous activities courses are mainly provided for higher education physical education departments. According to the research purpose, the researcher selected 43 students and 3 teachers in the Department of Physical Education as the subjects, and used mixed methods and triangular data collection and analysis methods (questionnaire survey, focus group interview, and in-depth interview). In order to understand the data in a meaningful way, the researcher used the principle of “grounded theory” to collect and analyse data. This study found that: not every English school provides the learning of outdoor and adventurous activities. Some of the English schools still face certain obstacles that impede the implementation of outdoor and adventurous activities. For example, teachers and administrators have different understanding and opinion on educational objectives. The outdoor and adventurous activities courses provided by the Department of Physical Education effectively provide relevant fundamental knowledge and cultivate students in the Department of Physical Education to possess sufficient abilities to implement the teaching of outdoor and adventurous activities. This research result is different from the existing implementation of National Curriculum for England. Lastly, the researcher proposed relevant suggestions on future research and practical promotion directions.