日治時期台灣細菌學研究機構的發展史淺析——以士林支所及其細菌性製劑為中心的觀察

On a Research Institutions of Bacteriology in Japan-Ruled Taiwan: A Case Study of the Shihlin Branch and Its Bacterial Products

1990年代起，物質文化研究在科學史方面提出許多精采的觀點。學者因而意識到醫療物質常會受到外部政治、社會、經濟等因素干擾，變的難以理解甚至反饋予使用或製造者的本身。本文是以擬從中央研究所衛生部士林支所改隸台北帝大熱帶醫學研究所的過程中，試探細菌性製劑與其製成組織變遷中的互動關係，希望藉此理解細菌性製劑如何成為影響台灣醫學機構發展的物質因素。本文始於1930年代日本對破傷風和白喉等特定製劑的需求，再循人物流動，論述台灣在細菌學和相關製劑技術的發展。儘管從專業人員流動與初期組織形成來看，中央研究所衛生部和台北帝大醫學部，在官制、職掌、人員方面漸與東大連結，證明台灣細菌性製劑發展具有受日本中心支配而提供服務的外地邊陲身分；但在個別事例如戰時對特定製劑的需求上，熱帶醫學研究所也因此特殊關係，取得異於日本其他帝大研究所且近似東大傳染病研究所的地位，突顯其反而因位處帝國邊陲，得以發展出與帝國醫學核心之獨特連結而超越其可能較次級的位階。 Since the 1990s many brilliant studies in the history of science have presented material cultures are often interfered by political, socio-economic, and other external factors, configurating obstacles to illuminate the meanings of manufacture and even material itself. This paper aims to explore the process of establishing the Shilin Branch of the Government Research Institute, Department of Hygiene in Formosa and its transformation to the Shilin Branch of the Institute of Tropical Medicine of Taipei Imperial University along with the discussion on the interaction between bacterial products and its manufacturing organizations. The discussion starts at the demand for specific products such as tetanus and diphtheria in Japan in the 1930s, and traces the key figures who guided the development of manufacturing bacterial products in colonial Taiwan. By the flow of medical professionals and the initiation to build research institute of bacteriology, the Department of Hygiene in Japan immediately coordinated with the School of Medicine of the Taipei Imperial University which close to the Tokyo Imperial University. The seamless connection between the Department of Hygiene in Japan and the Taipei Imperial University implied that the bacterial manufacturing in Taiwan on a periphery location was supported by the medical center in Japan. However, with the demands for specific products increased due to the outbreak of WWII, the Institute of Tropical Medicine in Taiwan gained some special status and privileges in production, way beyond many imperial university institutes in other colonies, almost paralleled to the Government Institute for Infectious Diseases in Japan. With careful review, generally speaking, the authors attempt to illustrate how materials like bacterial products could symbolize the unique features of Japanese colonial medicine via the institutionalization of medical research and manufacturing in Taiwan.