兩岸產業創新法規之比較初探

Comparative Study of the Industrial Innovation's Law of the Cross Strait

產業創新法規是一國產業法規體系中之重要組成部分。產業創新法規對於引導、鼓勵、規範、保障一國或地區產業創新活動之良性、有序、可持續性發展，提升產業競爭力和國家產業經濟安全發揮著重要之作用。中國大陸為引領產業結構優化升級之戰略性轉變，進行了一系列之有利於產業創新之立法工作。臺灣地區在經濟發展的各個階段，產業政策與產業創新法規都發揮了重要之作用。從大陸地區和台灣地區產業創新法規之發展歷史、法治化程度、類型與法律位階、內容體系、激勵手段五方面之比較分析看,臺灣產業創新法規比大陸地區起步早，發展成熟。臺灣產業創新法規的法治化程度要高于大陸地區。大陸的產業創新法規屬於廣義產業創新法規和一般產業法，臺灣屬於狹義產業創新法規和特別產業法。中國大陸產業創新法規之法律位階要低於臺灣地區。大陸產業創新法規更多為產業技術創新法規、產業結構創新法規、產業佈局創新法規，台灣為產業結構創新法規、產業技術創新法規。台灣所使用激勵手段主要為間接誘導式之政策工具，大陸較多使用直接調控之行政管制工具。綜合比較台灣產業創新法規較領先於大陸，但兩岸地區雙方之產業創新法規各有特點與不足，都有待改善之極大空間。 Industrial innovation's law is an important part of a country's industrial legal system. It plays an important role about the healthy development of industrial innovations activities and enhancing industrial competitiveness and national industrial economic security. The government of Chinese mainland has carried out a series of legislative work about improving industrial innovations. Industrial innovation's law of Taiwan plays an important role in every stages of economic development. From these aspects of the development history , the degree of rule of law , the type , the legal status, the content system and the incentive means of industrial innovation's law, industrial innovation's law of Taiwan was started earlier and developed more mature than that of Chinese mainland. The degree of rule of law of industrial innovation's law of Taiwan are more than that Chinese mainland. The industrial innovation's law of Chinese mainland belongs to the general Industry law, and the industrial innovation's law of Taiwan belongs to the special industry law. The legal status of industrial innovation's law in Chinese mainland is lower than that of the Taiwan. The industrial innovation's law in Chinese mainland mainly includes the industrial technology innovation's law , the industrial structure innovation's law and the industrial layout innovation's law. The industrial innovation's law in Taiwan mainly includes the industrial technology innovation's law and the industrial structure innovation's law. The encouragement means of industrial innovation of the government of Taiwan are mainly the policy tools of indirect guidance. The encouragement means of industrial innovation of the government of Chinese mainland are mainly the straight-forward administrative tools . The industrial innovation's law in Taiwan are more ahead of that of Chinese mainland. The industrial innovation's law on two regions have characteristics and shortcomings. and can be greatly improve.