論陸游的處窮書寫與「詩窮」觀

Lu You's writing of dealing with poverty and 'Shiqiong' discourse

本文以陸游為研究對象，探究其面對貧窮之際的「處窮」書寫以及對「詩窮」說傳統的表述。透過考察分析可知，在陸游漫長生命歷程中的貧窮自述與處窮書寫，並非牢騷窮愁的抒發而已，而是從其中建立了獨特的處窮態度與「詩窮」表述。躬耕是陸游面對貧窮困境的必然選擇，在自食其力中確保存在的尊嚴；讀書則激發出抵抗貧窮生活的精神力量與存在依據。同時，與北宋以來強調個人內在道德節義的風氣一脈相承，陸游也強調，貧窮能彰顯個體堅守道義，無愧於心的道德修養。此外，舉凡「詩能窮人」、「窮而後工」之說，都在陸游作品中獲得深具創見的轉化，從畏窮避窮到積極承擔，以窮為助力等。這些處窮書寫與「詩窮」觀，不僅建立在日常生活的實踐中，並透過豐富的文本表述，在「詩窮」說傳統中成為不可忽略的典型。 The poetry which writing poor life and dealing with poverty not only represents the ideas that the literary creation reflecting life, but also becomes poetic concept and creator's cultivation theory. It is a classical poetic topic with profound cultural significance. Lou You's (陸游) poetry has a lot of writing of dealing with poverty and the discussion of Shiqing. First of all, Lou You emphasized maintaining basic life and establishing himself dignity through farming. Second, reading stimulates the spiritual strength that resist poverty. At the same time, Lu You insists on cultivating morality in poverty. In addition to the above-mentioned writing about how to resist poverty, Lu You also expressed the profound viewpoint about 'Shi Qiong'. The 'Shi Qiong' theory is one of the important topics in classical Chinese poetry of Tang-Song dynasty. It discussed the questions about why poet was always so poor or poor poet can create better works. Lu You did not regard poverty as a disaster that means suffering for a poet. He believed that poverty can help his creation and political failure had no relationship with poetry. Lu You accepted the poor destiny being a poet positively and pursued creation of the poetry as his life values. Lu You's attitude towards to poverty demonstrated that a poet can also build the value of life and create extraordinary poetry in poverty.