毒癮難戒？如何重新解讀毒品再犯數字背後的意義

Is abstinence difficult? Reinterpreting recidivism of the drug abuse o enders.

施用毒品犯再犯（或毒癮者復發）的現象一直是矯正機關長期關注的焦點，它不僅是造成監禁人口居高不下的主要原因之一，亦導致許多家庭經濟困境與社會功能崩解，甚至危害到整個社會國家安定的基礎；因此本文主要目的，在於說明不同戒癮處遇模式、不同統計分析概念下，如何務實探討、理性運用實證研究的結果，來思考不同樣態下毒品犯累再犯率（毒癮復發率）的意義。筆者嘗試導入當前公共衛生「三段五級預防」的概念，結合司法戒癮的不同模式，分別詳述我國在初段預防（毒品製造轉運的C級名單、施用一級或二級毒品初犯人數下降）、次段預防（戒治再犯效益優於觀察勒戒）和後段預防（推動監獄毒品犯戒治輔導計畫），目前在毒品防制工作上已取得的實證成效；同時，亦簡述如何參考國內外相關研究的建議，在未來持續地改善我國的戒癮效益。 Over the years, recidivism of drug abuse offenders (or addicts relapse ) has been a highlight issue in the correctional institutes. Recidivism is not only one of the main causes of the high population in prison, it has also led to the financial breakdown of many families. As a result, society as a whole is functionally impaired while the social security, which is the basis of national solidarity, is severely harmed. So, how to understand the significance of recidivism rate (or relapse rate)? Pragmatically, we use the results of evidencebased research, which is based on different drug abuse treatment models and different statistical analysis models, to interpret the significance of recidivism rate (or relapse rate). We try to import the current public health concept, ''3-stage and 5-grade of prevention,'' which combines different modes of Agency of Correction, Ministry of Justice, to illustrate various benefits in Primary Prevention ( list C of INCSR, decreasing the number of new drug addicts of class A and class B), Secondary Prevention (some long-term correcting model for recidivism showing better benefits than short-term detention and rehab), and Tertiary Prevention (promoting drug abuse treatment programs in prison). Meanwhile, we also refer to some related research suggestions as to improve effectiveness of drug abuse treatment in future.