針具發展史——以出土文物為例

The Evolution of Needles Used in Acupuncture: Based on Unearthed Artifacts

針灸醫學起源甚早，不論在東西方皆已獲得證實。針灸理論與臨床運用之發展在歷代典籍文獻以及醫學專書中皆有詳細記載，然而實踐針灸醫學所需的工具發展沿革卻未曾有完整性的回溯探討。本文以針灸針具之材質為出發點並參考目前已出土的文物探討針具的發展沿革史（依據出土文物，學者大多認為針具的發展過程大約為：砭石－石針－骨針－竹木針－青銅針－鐵針－金銀針以及現代的不銹鋼針）。隨著各朝代的科技與社會人文文化演變，針具也漸漸有了改善，可知醫學的發展與整個社會脈動是息息相關環環相扣，更是與科學技術的進步緊密相關，社會上任何一個環節的前進，都將為醫學的發展提供良好的助力。 The origin of acupuncture has been confirmed and can be traced back to thousands of years ago, both in the East and the West. The detailed development of the theories and clinical application of acupuncture were documented in classics of Chinese medicine and professional writings. However, the evolution of the key instrument of acupuncture, i.e., the needles, has not been investigated comprehensively. This article discussed the materials of acupuncture needles as a starting point and referred to the unearthed artifacts thus to explore the history and development of acupuncture needles. Bianstone stone needle bones needle — bamboo needle —> bronze needle -> Iron- needle 一 Gold Silver Needle and modem stainless steel needle. Along with the time, we saw changes of technology and socio-cultural situation, the quality of needles had improved gradually as well. Based on this observation, we understand that the development of medical science has been closely related to the progress made by the society itself.