中醫臨床性別意識的開創——張仲景

The One Who Created Gender Awareness in Clinical Medicine–Zhong-Jing Zhang

東漢醫聖張仲景，奠定了中醫臨床醫學的基礎，其學說也首度將性別意識融入中醫臨床理論。本研究的目的，在於從張仲景《金匱要略》的性別意識中，找出性別觀念對於中醫理法方藥存在的影響，以提供日後基礎與臨床研究的新思路。研究材料以文獻史料為主。先找出《金匱要略》中具有性別意識的內容，再分析其具備性別意識的背景。進一步搭配《黃帝內經》、《千金方》、《婦人大全良方》、《濟陰綱目》等醫書，說明《金匱要略》的性別意識對理法方藥可能存在的影響。研究結果與結論，第一，《金匱要略》的性別意識突顯病理的社會性。其二，其突出治法用藥的對比性。其三，婦科醫學的獨立性被強化。其四，奠定中醫婦科發展的依據。第五，對男女照顧不均而使得陰陽失衡。 Zhong-Jing Zhang, the saint of medicine filed in East-Han Dynasty, laying the basis for clinical medicine, whose theory is also the first time that gender awareness is integrated into the clinical theory of traditional Chinese medicine. The purpose of this study is through the gender awareness in Zhang, Zhong-Jing’s “Golden Chamber Guidance and Strategy”, to identify impacts of gender concept on existence of theory, method, prescriptions and medicines in traditional Chinese medicine so as to provide new ideas for future basic and clinical research. Research approaches are focused on the literature and historical materials. First, find out contents containing gender awareness in the “Golden Chamber Guidance and Strategy'', and then analyze the background of being with gender awareness. Further, by referencing medical texts such as Huang-Di-Nei-Jing, Qian-Jing-Fang, Fu-Ren~Liang-Fang, Ji- Yin-Gang-Mu, explain the potential existing impacts of gender awareness in “Golden Chamber Guidance and Strategy^ on theory, method, prescriptions and medicines. Results and conclusions are as the following - First, gender-awareness in “Golden Chamber Guidance and Strategy” highlighted the of sociality of pathology. Second, it also makes the comparativeness of drug-conquer prominent. Third, gynecology independence is strengthened. Fourth, the basis for the development of Gynecology in TCM is laid. Fifth, the unfairness of taking caret of men and women leads to the unequal balance of yin and yang.