比較孟加拉灣海域劃界案：200浬外大陸礁層界限之發展

Comparing the delimitation cases in the Bay of Bengal: Development of the outer limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 Nautical Miles

印度洋北部的孟加拉灣，由於富有天然資源，使得沿岸國家產生海域劃界與資源爭奪的爭端。經多次談判未果，孟加拉即尋求國際司法機構解決爭端。本文藉由比較2012年《孟加拉與緬甸於孟加拉灣海域劃界爭端案》與2014年《孟加拉與印度於孟加拉灣劃界案》，並檢視其相關法規解釋與劃界方法、大陸礁層之「自然延伸原則」與「灰區」之內容，分析出「等距/相關情況劃界法」三階段原則為目前達成衡平結果最重要之劃界方法。另有關200浬外大陸礁層之界限亦可透過三階段劃界方法來劃定。最後關於灰區，則是要靠爭端國合作或達成協議才能有效分出其權利及義務。 The Bay of Bengal is in the northern part of the Indian Ocean. For the reason that this area is full of natural resources, coastal states have been involving in disputes concerning maritime delimitation and resources competition. After many unsuccessful negotiations, Bangladesh sought to resolve the dispute through international judicial i nst i tut ions. This ar t i cle compare s “Delimitat ion of the Maritime Boundary in the Bay of Bengal (Bangladesh/ Myanmar)” in 2012 and “Bay of Bengal Maritime Boundary Arbitration between Bangladesh and India” in 2014, and reviews interpretations of the relevant laws and regulations, maritime delimitation methods, the principle of “natural prolongation” of the continental shelf and the “grey area”. It then analyzes the ''equidistance/relevant circumstances method'' that involves three stages and argues that the most important method for achieving an equitable result is this three-stage method. This method can also be used for delimiting the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles. Finally, the settlement in the grey area must rely on international cooperation or adopting an agreement for effectively separating theirs rights and obligations by the disputed states.