中國養老保險制度改革與展望：基於老齡化背景下的思考

The Reform and outlook of China's Pension insurance system: based on the background of aging

文章基於國際老齡化評判標準，對中國大陸老齡化現狀及其發展階段進行了界定，分析了中國大陸老齡化的一些基本特徵：如老齡化速度快；「未富先老」；老齡化區域不平衡、城鄉不平衡、性別不平衡等。對中國大陸養老現狀進行分類，對中國大陸養老保險制度發展及改革進行了梳理，重點介紹了城鎮職工養老保險制度、機關事業單位養老保險改革等當前熱點問題。最後，文章根據上述分析，提出中國大陸養老保險制度改革的相應建議，主要有：「循序漸進」推進養老保險制度改革；破除「雙軌制」；增加農村養老保障投入力度；大力開發商業養老保險等養老產業；實行彈性延遲退休年齡以及延期繳納保險費制度；逐步調整人口結構。 This article was based on the define of 「aging」, analyze the Current Situation and Development stages in china, analyze some basic features of china's aging :such as the speed of aging is fast; 「aging before getting Rich」; the regional imbalances, urban-rural imbalance, gender imbalance of aging. Make classification of the status of our pension, Carding the endowment insurance institution system development and reform, focusing on some current hot issue of the pension insurance system of urban workers and government employee. Finally, according to the above analysis, the article proposed some corresponding recommendations of the reform of pension system, such as: to promote the reform of the pension system「step by step」; get rid of 「Two-track pension System」; increase investment on rural old-age security efforts; vigorously develop the commercial pension insurance pension industry; implementation of flexible retire and the payment of insurance system; gradually adjust the population structure.