台灣成年族群飲酒型態與事故傷害、酒駕之關係探討

Drinking patterns in relation to injuries and drunk driving among community-dwelling adults in Taiwan

目標：瞭解台灣成年族群中飲酒型態與自陳過去一年事故傷害、因酒後駕車而遭警察開單或逮捕之相關性。方法：本研究為一橫斷性研究。資料來源為台灣2013年國民健康訪問調查（National Health Interview Survey, NHIS），並以青壯年（18-39歲，n＝7,251）及中年（40-64歲，n＝8,003）兩族群為研究對象。飲酒型態的評估指標包含狂飲行為及飲酒頻率。統計採調查統計分析，按年齡分層，並以邏輯式迴歸探討飲酒型態和過去一年事故傷害（含跌倒、燒燙傷、其他事故傷害）及酒後駕車之關係。結果：青壯年族群有較高的事故傷害盛行率（如跌倒：12.9％），然中年族群有酒駕經驗者較多（3.8％）。相較於飲酒頻率，狂飲與事故傷害的相關性較強，且狂飲相關事故傷害風險在青壯年較為顯著（如狂飲者跌到勝算比1.75）。狂飲且日飲之青壯年其酒駕盛行率達22.6％；相較於非狂飲且非日飲者，其酒駕校正後勝算比為11.5（95％信賴區間：4.94-26.91）。結論：本研究發現狂飲與事故傷害（如跌倒）的風險增加有關，且此相關性於青壯年族群尤為顯著。本研究推論受限於橫斷性設計限制，未來可考慮由追蹤性研究或監測資料進一步確認並探討相關機制。酒害防治策略發展建議納入低頻過量飲酒之傷害，並將年輕族群視為酒駕重要介入對象。 Objectives: This study aimed to determine the association linking drinking patterns with self-reported past-year injuries and drunk driving among community-dwelling adults in Taiwan. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study utilizing the dataset from the 2013 Taiwan National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). The analytic sample comprised young adults (18-39 years of age; n=7,251) and older adults (40-64 years of age; n=8,003). Complex survey analyses in the logit function were performed to estimate the odds ratio [OR] of injuries (i.e., past-year falls, burns, and other injuries) and drunk driving in relation to binge drinking and drinking frequency. Results: Young adults had a higher prevalence of injuries (4%~13%), whereas a higher prevalence of drunk driving existed in older adults (3.8%). In contrast to drinking frequency, binge drinking was associated with higher odds of injuries; this association was more prominent in young adults. Greater than 1 in 5 young adults with binge and daily drinking reported drunk driving (22.6%); the adjusted OR for drunk driving was estimated 11.5 (95% CI= 4.94-26.91). Conclusions: Our analyses revealed a slightly increased risk of injuries associated with binge drinking, which was more prominent in young adults. The causal inference was limited because of the cross-sectional study design. Further evidence derived from longitudinal or surveillance data is needed to validate the connection and explore possible pathways. Alcohol harm reduction strategies may address moderate drinking-related injuries and drunk driving intervention should focus on young drinkers as a priority target.