墨西哥的國家認同──被殖民與霸鄰的糾葛

Mexican National Identity: Colony and Periphery Struggle

墨西哥是古三大文明－馬雅、托爾特克和阿茲特克文明的發源地，在西元1521年西班牙打敗阿茲特克帝國進行殖民之前，墨西哥因這三大古文明在人類文明史上佔有重要地位，然而西班牙近300年的殖民，以較強勢的歐洲文明壓制墨西哥的原生文明，光榮的傳統中斷且淪為次等的殖民地。本文的重點在透過國家認同的探討，認識瞭解墨西哥，以一般國家認同中的建構論或是原生論，檢視墨西哥國家認同的建構元素，也討論美國成為墨西哥獨立建國後最重要的他者，在墨西哥的民族主義和國家發展上的影響，最後再以未來學的多層次因果分析法進行深層剖析。結論為墨西哥的國家認同建構歷程貫穿過去、現在、與未來三個時空，各種層面都含括原生論與建構論之要素。 Mexica has a significant role in human development history given the three oldest civilizations of Maya, Toltec, and Aztec were cultivated there. Its glorious days was interrupted by Spanish colonization, which became the major driving force for Mexican identity struggle. The other dominant force came from the expanding empire of the United States from the 19^(th) century. This article uses primordialism and constructivism to explore the elements of Mexican national identity. Then by using Causal Layered Analysis (CLA) to dissect those elements to reach the conclusion that primordialism and constructivism both contribute to the understanding of Mexican national identity.