近代國人關於政府涉外經濟合同觀念之演變

Evolution of Modern Chinese Concept of Government's Foreign-related Economic Contract

近代中國政府與外國公司、銀行等訂立過大量有關國際貸款、公共工程建設、合資合作經營、商品買賣等內容的政府涉外經濟合同。晚清與民國時期，由於不同的歷史環境、政治動機，國人關於政府涉外經濟合同的公私性質形成截然相反的觀點。清末收回利權運動中，國人多將政府涉外經濟合同視為私法合同，而民國大革命時期則多將其視為不平等條約。這兩種觀點不可能同時成立，其中的理論矛盾以及產生兩種觀點的原因也值得探討。

The modern Chinese government has made a lot of international economic contracts concerning international loans, public projects construction, joint venture cooperation, commodity trading and so on. In the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, due to different historical environments and political motivation, Chinese people had opposite views on the public and private nature of the government's foreign-related economic contracts. In the late Qing Dynasty, most people regarded the government's foreign economic contract as a private law contract, while people in the national revolution era regarded it as an unequal treaty. These two views are incompatible. The theoretical contradictions and the reasons for the emergence of these two views are worth discussing.