ICSID仲裁反請求規則的解構與重構

Deconstruction and Reconstruction of ICSID Arbitration Counterclaim Rules

ICSID投資仲裁規則中設置反請求的預想功能是發揮反請求揭示爭端實情、促進程序經濟以及確保裁決一致的重要作用。當事方之間程序性權利的對等有利於調整其實體權利的非均衡性，因此，國家反請求權利的實現有助於促進投資仲裁效率的提高和當事方之間的平衡。反請求在實踐中處於被抑制的狀態。ICSID仲裁庭可以通過積極的條約解釋和采取多元關聯判斷標準以提高反請求的成功率，國家締約過程中應適時調整國家與投資者之間的實體權利義務結構。

The initial purpose of counterclaim in ICSID investment arbitration rules is to reveal the facts of the dispute, promote the process of economic and ensure consistency of the awards. Moreover, the procedural rights between parties can adjust their substantive rights. So that the realization of the state counterclaim can contribute to accelerate the efficiency of investment arbitration and maintain the balance between the parties. The practice shows that counterclaim was suppressed in most of the time. Hence, the ICSID arbitral tribunal should improve the success rate of the counterclaim by interpreting the treaty actively and adopt the criterion of multiple correlation standard in the process of arbitration, and the State ought to modify the structure of substantive rights and obligations in their future treaties.