作為公共資源配置方式的行政合同

要從根本上解決我國行政協議之訴所面臨的行政協議範圍與審判方法問題，必須從解決我國行政合同獨立于民事合同的本質入手。為此，需要放棄此前對私法合同理論的路徑依賴，從行政合同所交易的資源的公共屬性出發來理解行政合同。基於資源公共性及其所決定的物有所值原則，行政機關有通過公平、公正、透明的競爭化程式與相對人締結合同的義務，相對人則擁有相應的締約權利。由此，行政合同作為法制化、權利化的公共資源公平分配與分享方式，應當由獨立的公法合同機制來規範。相應地，以公共資源為標的的合同，應當都屬於行政協議；而行政協議之訴，應當是合法性審查在先，違約性審查在後。

To demarcate the province of administrative contracts and improve related litigation, we must establish the independent legitimacy of administrative contract at first. Therefore, we shall give up reliance on the theory of private contract and understand administrative contract in the light of the public nature of the resources administrative contracts deal with. Based on such public nature and the principle of value for money, citizens have the equalright to make a contract with administrative organs through fair, transparent and competitive procedures. In the meanwhile, administrative organs must comply with the duty to make a contract through these procedures. Thu sadministrative contract becomes a legalized and right-oriented means to allocate and share public resources and should be regulated by public law rather than private law. Relatedly, any contract dealing with public resource shall be deemed asadministrative agreements, the legality of which should be reviewed before the issue of breach of contract.