分享經濟規制現狀及方法改進

“如何妥當處理商業創新與政策困擾之間的關係”構成分享經濟規制的重大命題。司法實踐表明，如果對分享經濟適用“傳統法律法規”，分享經濟參與人的權益往往無法得到有效救濟。而受認知、規範和利益等因素制約，“監管新規”往往是“強調規範的多、鼓勵發展的少”。2017年《關於促進分享經濟發展的指導性意見》採取了“權力下移”的規制模式，但因為缺乏可操作性的規制理論作指導，極有可能造成監管上的各自為政。當前，分享經濟規制難以同商業創新相契合，根本原因在於規制者採取了靜態的規制思路，未能充分慮及市場的二次反應。對於分享經濟所導致的政策困擾，我們無需為了解決技術層面的問題而預先拋出一個本體論的答案。通過採用“以規制中立原則為基礎，並慮及公共利益和制度信賴利益”的“三步分析法”，社會各界可在“工程技術”層面達成“未完全理論化的共識”，從而實現利益平衡。

How to properly deal with the relationship between business innovation and regulation constitutes a major concern for sharing economic regulations. Judicial practice shows that if“traditional laws and regulations” are applied to the sharing economy, the participants' rights and interests cannot always be effectively remedied. However, due to factors such as cognition, norms and interests, “newregulations” are often “more aboutemphasizing regulation and less aboutencouraging development”. The 2017 “Guiding Opinions on Promoting Development of the Sharing Economy” adopted a mode with regulatory power moving downward, which may trigger regulatory fragmentation in the absence of guidance from feasible regulatory theories. At present, the fundamental cause for mismatch between sharing economy regulation and business innovation is that regulators still stick to a static regulatory idea and fail toadequately consider the secondary response frommarket players. By adopting a three-step analysis method based on the principle of regulation neutrality and taking into account the public interest and legitimateexpectation on institution, all social sectors could reach an “incompletely theorized consensus” at the “engineering technology” level toachieve interests balance.