一定條件下的見危不救入刑研究

儘管多數說認為，見危不救不能入刑，但其理由均不具有說服力。陌生人之間的見危不救之中，有“見義不為”型的見危不救和“舉手不勞”型的見危不救之分。對自身或者第三人沒有現實危險的救助他人生命的“舉手不勞”型的“見危不救”，不僅不會給自己增加負擔，而且還會救助刑法中最為重要的保護法益即他人生命，增加社會整體利益，屬於己他兩利的行為，無論在保護法益上還是在維持社會生活秩序的最低限度上，都有入刑的必要。這種行為入刑，屬於沒有風險的行為，不違背人性，與刑法義務道德化無關，既不會導致偶然責任，也不會違反刑法謙抑性原則。不僅如此，在本罪設立之後，還可將歷來被作為作為犯處罰的部分見危不救行為吸收進來，使得有關不救助行為的處罰更加完善合理。

The prevailing opinion opposes the criminalization of the failure to render emergency aid. However, the arguments provided are not persuasive. The notion offailure to render emergency aid by a stranger contains two subordinate concepts, namely failure to stand out for justice and courage, and failure to provide a convenient assistance. The latter refers to the circumstance where the aider or any third party faces no real danger. To render aid in this condition does not burden the assistance provider; moreover, it promotes the utility of the whole society. In another word, it is a winwin deal.Considering the protection of legal interests and maintenance of the minimum scale of the public order, it is necessary to criminalize the failure to provide a convenient and reasonable assistance. This criminalization neither takes any risks nor violates the humanity, and it does not result in the moralization of legal duties. Besides, it causes no responsibility based on moral luck, nor contradicts the principle of subsidiarity of the criminal law. Furthermore, after the legislation of this offense, some omissions to effect an easy rescue, which have been traditionally punished as actions, can be covered by this clause, in order to rationalize the existing punishment of failure to render emergency aid.