英文摘要 |
Humans rely on perception to receive various signals from their surrounding environment. In particular, images received through visual perception form environmental impressions that simultaneously facilitate psychological cognition and produce emotional experiences and physical reactions. This study explored the psychological effects of different tree forms on a group of participants and found that different tree forms provide different emotional experiences. Moreover, the participants differed significantly in their psychological reactions to the tree forms at different viewing distances. At a close distance, umbrella-shaped trees strongly evoked impressions of softness and warmth in the participants; crown-shaped, tower-shaped, elliptical, and conical trees, an impression of hardness; and palm trees, an impression of coldness. Participants' psychological experience of the same tree form also changed with their viewing distance, in some cases undergoing a reversal. For example, at viewing distances of 100 meters and greater, participants' impression of the umbrella-shaped tree shifted from warmth to coldness and hardness. Similarly, their impression of grandeur for the palm tree, or of solemnity for the tower-shaped tree, decreased with an increase in viewing distance. Regarding tree form preferences, at a close viewing distance most participants favoured umbrella-shaped, oval, round, and crown-shaped trees, and disliked conical, tower-shaped, and elliptical trees; however, preference for umbrella-shaped, round, palm, and elliptical tree forms decreased with an increase in viewing distance. The study results are applicable to environmental design. For example, round, umbrella-shaped, and oval trees, which are lively, vivid, and approachable, can be placed in senior communities. The active, vivid, and exciting forms of round, umbrella-shaped, oval, and weeping trees can be used on athletic fields. Hospitals might adopt lively, charming, and serene round trees. However, elliptical, tower-shaped, weeping, and palm trees may evoke an impression of sickness, and should be used with caution. |