民初俠影──《小說大觀》的武俠小說為例

The Chevalier figure in the early years of the Republic of China: Martial arts novels in The Grand Magazine

過往學者的論述將文學脈絡中的俠分剖明白，對於其所指的範圍與意義也已經有了清楚的辨析。然而有任俠、豪俠、遊俠、劍俠、義俠之籌的探討，卻獨獨忽略了「武俠」，好似此詞的使用，理所當然。林紓〈傅眉史〉於包天笑《小說大觀》刊登，是為史上第一篇分類題為「武俠小說」的作品。所待解決的是，「武俠小說」雖然由這篇發端，但整套《小說大觀》再無題為相同分類的作品，究竟早期「武俠」冠於小說之上是如何逐漸形成，而為大家所接受？本文由《小說大觀》季刊出版切入，由編輯凡例、前言、對應社會背景與包氏自己的回憶錄，肯定其小說一方面搭載在梁啟超興小說言論的潮流之中，一方面又同時隱含讀者導向的選材。而在武俠脈絡之下，這樣的編目創新有積極的意義，開創武俠分類，提供區隔古典「俠義」的稱呼，更顯示跨類的創作。而細究三篇與俠有關的文本發現，俠在當時代表一己之力，同時也是世道艱險之中的一種希望。目前學界對於民國初年「俠」之概念其實甚為模糊，本文只算釐清一二的開端，在這樣的開端之下，繼而可以再從其他更廣博的資料之中，多管齊下，進而窺見全豹，展現民初武俠的豐富全貌。

The discourses of past scholars have divided the Xia in the literary context, and have clearly identified the scope and meaning of its reference. However, there are discussions about the ''trustworthy man'', ''chivalrous man'', ''travelling man'', ''celestial man'', and ''chivalrous man''. However, they alone ignore the '' martial heroes ''. Lin Biao's ''Fu Mei Shi'' published in Bao Tianxiao's ''The Grand Magazine '' was a work titled '' Wuxia Novel'' for the first classification in history. What remains to be solved is that although ''martial arts novels'' are originated by this story, the entire ''novel grand view'' is no longer titled the same classification works. How did the ''martial arts'' in the early stages of the novel come into being and was accepted by everyone? This article was published by the quarterly publication of ''The Grand Magazine''. From editorial examples, prefaces, corresponding social backgrounds, and Pao’s own memoirs, he affirmed that his novels were carried on the one hand in the trend of Liang Qichaoxing’s novels. On the other hand, they also chose for the readers. In the context of martial arts, such cataloging innovations have positive significance. On the one hand, it helps to popularize the word ''martial arts''. On the other hand, it provides the title of ''chivalry'' in classical novels. On the other hand, it also shows cross-class creation. . After careful study of the three texts related to Xia(俠), Xia represented his own power at the time and was also a hope in the difficulties of the world. At present, the academic community is actually very vague about the concept of ''chivalry'' in the early years of the Republic of China. This article only clarifies the beginning of January and February. Under this kind of starting point, we can then proceed from other more extensive sources and proceed to a multi-pronged approach. A glimpse of the whole leopard reveals the rich panorama of the early years of the martial arts.