國道大客車於國道1號之能耗推估模式建構與驗證

DEVELOPING AND VERIFICATION OF FUEL CONSUMPTION MODEL FOR HEAVY PASSENGER BUS ON FREEWAY NO.1

因應全球氣候變遷，加強管制溫室氣體排放已成為國際趨勢。為落實推動運輸部門節約能源與減少溫室氣體排放量各項行動方案，有必要建置完整公路運輸之車輛能耗率及排放係數資料庫及推估模式，方有助於推估預測之精準度。惟以往以實驗室觀測之平均速率所構建的能耗／排放模式，對於以提升速率或改善運作效率為主之策略／措施，將無法敏感反映其節能減碳效果。本研究運用車載量測設備蒐集行駛於國道1號之國道客運瞬間能耗資料，該車符合我國環保3期標準（美規4期），共蒐集近5.7萬筆國道逐秒排放數據，構建速率與耗油量曲線與分坡模式，俾利推估國道大客車行駛於各類路型之能耗。本研究建立的大客車國道分坡模式可涵蓋-2％～2％的坡度範圍，約可涵蓋國道1號路段總長90％。透過不同車輛、駕駛、營運路線之驗證分析可知，整體旅次誤差率在10％以內，顯示本模式具有良好的推估能力。進一步透過能耗／CO_2轉換係數，本模式可應用於評估私人運具轉移至公共運輸的節能減碳效果。

Global climatic change calls for effective programs for reducing emissions of greenhouse gases from all countries worldwide. For effective and efficient implementation, environmental considerations should be incorporated at the planning stage. Incorporating environmental factors for evaluating effects of transportation policies on fuel consumption and air pollution, however, requires more research efforts. And, in the past, the energy consumption/emission model constructed at the average speed of laboratory observations will not be sensitive to the energy saving and carbon reduction effects of strategies/measures that focus on improving the rate or improving operational efficiency. The study team used the new technology of On-board Emissions Measurement Systems to collect about 5.7 thousand seconds of emissions data, which are used for building relationships between fuel consumption and instantaneous operating speeds of freeway bus. The National Freeway No.1 model established this year covers the slope range from -2% to 2% which occupied 90% of National Freeway No.1's segments. Through the verification analysis, the estimate error is within 10%, indicating that this model has good estimation ability. Moreover, the CO_2 emissions can be measured by transition coefficient. Based on the calculated fuel consumption and CO_2 emissions of modes, we can evaluate the energy saving and carbon reduction effects on shifting passengers from cars to buses.