道路交通事故損害賠償成本推估之研究

ESTIMATION OF COMPENSATION FOR DAMAGE COST IN A TRAFFIC ACCIDENT

我國民法有關損害賠償理論發展已久，對於故意或過失不法侵害他人權益者，所應負之損害賠償責任均有詳盡規範，對於被害人求償亦有完整之訴訟程序可資依循。惟在交通事故之損害賠償程序，常因事故原因與責任之認定，或對於賠償金在願受與願付間存在極大差異問題而爭訟不斷。故本研究嘗試以損害賠償理論為基礎，探討交通事故發生後所衍生之各項損失賠償內容，結合經濟成本分析之概念，將交通事故損失成本分為直接財損、間接財損與精神損失三類，並以問卷調查估算事故當事人直接財產損失；以人力資本法（human capital approach, HCA）、損害賠償計算法、賠償預期利益法估算當事人間接財產損失；精神損失則應用Stoll（1983）提出之假設性市場評價法（contingent valuation method, CVM），以虛擬之事故損失市場假設情境進行評價，藉以調查其願受與願付之均衡金額，以推估其貨幣價值。本研究對申請交通事故覆議鑑定案之當事人進行實證調查分析，並整合各損失成本項目之推估式，建立事故成本推估模式，不僅可作為事故民事損害賠償依據，更可作為政府交通主管機關執行交通安全改善計畫成本效益評估之基礎資料。

To establish an objective and reasonable valuation basis of the compensation for damages in a traffic accident, we reviewed the compensation for damages defined in the civil law, the derivation of the loss of any kinds of possible costs followed by a traffic accident that corresponds with the concepts of cost analysis of an accident to build up the necessary covering range of the compensation for damages, and the actual investigation of both property loss and non-property loss of those victims of a traffic accident and their corresponding analysis to determine the required valuation basis of the compensation for damages. Meanwhile, a total of five analysis methods are utilized in this study to simplify the procedure of determining the required valuation basis of the compensation for damages, such as the Questionnaire Survey Method used for estimating the aggressive property loss, the Method of Human Capital Approach, the Compensation for Damages Calculation Method and the Method of Expected Earning Value Approach used for calculating the negative property loss, and the Contingent Valuation Method used for estimating non-property loss by dealing with a simulated market for the mental loss of a person directly concerned with the damage to find the real value of the compensation for damages. Besides, the real value mentioned above must be an equivalent amount of money betweem the plaintiff who are not willing to accept and defendant who are not willing to pay. Finally, a traffic accident compensation cost model based on the results of the actual investigation of this study is proposed herein. These results will be considered a reasonable reference not only for the victims but also for the examining committee of a traffic accident.