就地超越──陶淵明的現實詩學

Transcending on the Spot: The Worldly Poetics of Tao Yuanming

陶淵明詩率性任真、質實情深，所達境界、美感與人格高度，俱難複製。然而，曲折哀怨的情愫、消極矛盾的遐想，也時或見諸作品。什麼是貫通這些不同表現的詩學立場？後者之新創性與侷限又是如何？本文藉釐定陶詩吟詠界域，探索作品創作思路，據此了解作為詩人的淵明給予自身的思想課題，以及作為哲人的他通過詩詠所得出的創造性解答。約言之，陶詩視野始終未離現實，即使描述桃源與神仙亦然，其所示範的乃個體就地超越（就現實超越現實）之道。其外表之尋常，與背後難以想像之堅毅深韻，一體兩面。

In contradistinction to the profane world, the works of Tao Yuanming 陶淵明 have a sense of trueness and of real feeling. His writings not only show the character of the poet himself, but also express a poetic state that is lofty and truthful. This article discusses how Tao Yuanming achieves such a poetic state, revealing his inner thinking and creativity, with emphasis on the negative sentiments, pessimistic thoughts, as well as the shallow-seeming and repetitive content that no reader appreciates. In fact, such content constitutes the main body of his work, and as such it warrants our attention.