國際漢學和多種外語研究的範疇

The Multilingual Dimensions of International Sinology

西方漢學是近數百年來出現的一種學術新傳統，西方漢學要到清朝才在中國成為一套有系統的學術研究。西方漢學的研究和清代的「漢學」大約同時出現，國際漢學本身就是以多種外語來研究中國題材的學術，漢學家除了必須通曉中國語文外，還必須同時精通數種外國語文，其中主要包括英文、日文、法文和德文。這篇論文主要是討論以多種外語研究國際漢學所涉及的層面，從十六世紀耶穌會傳教士開始，到今天研究的狀況與成果。其中最著名的是兩位德籍漢學家衛禮賢博士和他的兒子衛德明教授（在中國青島出生），衛教授是我在大學的老師，由於衛教授的引導，使我走上研究中國古典文學的道路。另外，我也將談談將當代中文學術著作翻譯成西方語文的重要性。將舉三個例子作為佐證：其一，龔克昌先生漢賦研究的英譯本；其二是北京大學《中華文明史》的英譯工作，從中體悟了一些有關國際漢學新的看法；其三，我將談談最近出版英文本《先秦漢魏晉南北朝世界漢學資料彙編》（四冊）的心得。

Sinology is a new scholarly discipline with a history of several hundred years. It did not become a systematic form of scholarship until the Qing 清 dynasty. Western Sinology emerged about the same time as Qing dynasty Hanxue 漢學. International Sinology is intrinsically a multilingual form of scholarship. Besides Chinese, Sinologists must also master several other languages including English, Japanese, French, and German. In this article I discuss the multilingual aspects of international Sinology beginning with the Jesuits in the sixteenth century up to recent times. I provide a detailed account of the famous German Sinologist Richard Wilhelm, and his son, Hellmut Wilhelm, who was my teacher and who inspired me to take up the study of China. I also discuss the importance of translating contemporary Chinese scholarly works into Western languages. I discuss two Chinese works the translation of which I have overseen: Gong Kechang's 龔克昌 Studies of the Han fu 漢賦 and the Peking University History of Chinese Civilization. Finally, I also say something about a large four-volume reference guide to ancient and early medieval Chinese literature that I have recently published.