日本治臺經驗取鑑：戰前福建官方的臺灣調查與考察活動之分析（1911－1933）

Lessons from Japan's Governance in Taiwan: An Analysis of Fujian's Official Taiwan Surveys and Investigations, 1911-1933

本文以戰前（1911－1933）福建官方對於臺灣的一系列經建調查與教育考察活動為分析主題，討論當時福建與臺灣互動關係中的一些重要課題。首先檢討學界有關這一主題的研究現況，指出除忽略不少重要的調查與考察活動外，同時亦因僅關注調查活動本身，忽略了調查活動所以發生的幾個重要脈絡——包括臺灣總督府南進政策、福建本身省政進展、以及臺灣籍民（紳商）的中介角色，以致無法適當闡釋這些交流活動的過程與意義。其次，利用新的研究框架，重新分析閩浙總督松壽主政時施景琛的考察（1911），以及福建巡按使許世英主政時程家潁（1915）、福建省立甲種農業學校師生（1915）、汪洋（1916）、張遵旭（1916）等人的考察活動，並討論學界過去忽略的一系列臺灣調查與考察活動。透過這些分析，一方面強調福建官方的臺灣調查與考察活動，並非僅是福建省政官員所主動展開，實際上臺灣總督府南進政策與福州廈門的臺灣關係者（臺灣籍民），也扮演重要的推動助力；另一方面，亦闡明這些考察活動背後的同床異夢與相互為用關係，指出福建官方深知總督府的臺灣經驗推銷包藏南進侵略禍心，但仍從省政近代化的角度，積極來臺考察學習日本治臺經驗與學知。

This article analyzes a series of official Fujian surveys and educational investigations on Taiwan during the period from 1911 to 1933, highlighting several important issues in the interactions between Fujian and Taiwan. First, this article critiques current scholarship that has ignored relevant surveys and investigations and their contexts, which included Taiwan's southern expansion policy, Fujian's administrative modernization, and the intermediary role of Taiwanese (gentry-merchants). Second, using a new research framework, this article revisits such well-known surveys and investigations as those of Shi Jingzhen (1911), Cheng Jiayu (1915), the teachers' and students of Fujian Provincial Agricultural School (1915), Wang Yang and Zhang Zunxu (1916), and other neglected surveys and investigations. This article emphasizes that Fujian's official Taiwan surveys and investigation activities were not only initiated by Fujian provincial officials. Taiwan's Southern Expansion policy and Taiwanese in Fuzhou and Xiamen also played important roles in these activities. This article also clarifies the relationship between the Fujian provincial government and Japanese colonial government of Taiwan in these investigation activities.