稀有血品的管理及供應

Management of Rare Blood Units

稀有血型定義是在族群中表現型頻率低於1／1000的血型，可發生於紅血球高頻率抗原為陰性或多項紅血球常見抗原同為陰性兩種情況，而血型系統在不同種族的分佈情形不盡相同，所以稀有血型的種類在不同種族中也大異其趣。台灣血液基金會透過不規則抗體鑑定、紅血球抗原建檔計畫、特定紅血球抗原加驗、抗體篩檢細胞組開發四種途徑建立紅血球比對資料庫，截至2017年底，已經為681278位17到65歲捐血人紅血球抗原建檔。紅血球比對資料庫可以幫助快速查詢合適抗原陰性血品或捐血人，搭配特定紅血球抗原加驗、跨中心調撥協助、捐血人緊急邀約、冷凍甘油紅血球的手法，盡全力滿足國內特定紅血球抗原陰性血品的需求。若國內捐供血系統無法取得合適紅血球抗原陰性血品，台灣血液基金會還可以透過線上IRDP搜尋國際上合適血品或捐血人，協助自國外進口血液。而未來基因定序將會廣泛的被運用在紅血球抗原篩檢上，作為稀有血型捐血人篩檢工具，也是台灣血液基金會蒐集稀有捐血人將來可以再努力的目標。

A rare blood donor phenotype occurs less than1/1,000 in a certain population, including high-frequency-antigen-negative and multiple-common-antigen-negative blood groups. Since blood system and blood group distributed differently in different ethnic groups, rare blood type varies greatly by ethnic groups. We (Taiwan Blood Services Foundation) established a RBC reference database by means of irregular antibody identification, RBC phenotype program, specific RBC antigen add-on test, and antibody screening cell panel development. Until 2017, the database contained RBC phenotype of 681,278 blood donors between the age of 17 and 65. RBC reference database provides a quick searching of suitable antigen-negative blood unit or donor, inter-center blood unit transfer, emergent rare donor recruitment, and storage of glycerolfrozen RBCs. The main purpose is to fulfill the need of specific RBC antigen-negative blood units nationwide. In the near future, genotyping will be used widely for RBC antigens screening and become a commonscreening tool of rare blood donor; this technic is also a future plan of TBSF to collect rare blood donors.When we fail to find suitable antigen-negative rare blood units, International Rare Donor Panel (IRDP) provides another option for importing of this particular rare blood.