以使命感塑形：工作形塑的能力陶冶

Crafting as Becoming: Capabilities Cultivation of Job Crafting

如何讓工作有意義，成為有意義的工作，是人資的新議題，工作形塑是倡議途徑之一。工作形塑指工作者改變任務、關係與認知疆界，移轉工作識別與創造意義，對提升工作滿意及誘發創新有益。文獻上探討工作形塑的前因、手法與結果，及形塑者對於工作的資源、挑戰與要求之運用。然而，對工作形塑的能力配套，卻所知不多。缺口有二：未能釐清形塑者如何跨越疆界，以及探討其能力的變化。本研究以質性研究法，分析一位世界麵包冠軍如何受到使命感牽引，取得新能力與跨越疆界，移轉工作識別。文獻多將疆界改變視為理所當然、工作形塑是自然而然，本研究則發現工作形塑需經歷能力培養的歷程。此新觀點引出本文對理論與實務的啟示。

How to create the meaningful job and the meaningfulness of job are the emerging topics in human relations management literature. One approach to tackle the topics is job crafting. Job crafting has been denoted as an employee actively change the boundaries of task, relationship and cognition to create new work identity, increase work meaningfulness and satisfaction. Prior literature could be divided into two streams. The first one explored the causes, techniques and outcomes of job crafting process. The second focuses on how employees exercise of the resource, challenge and demand of job to form job-crafting behavior. However, there are two gaps in literature: the first gap is to neglect to identify how the job crafters go across the boundaries of task, relationship and cognition. The other gap is the researchers seldom explore the change of the capabilities of job crafter. The study aimed to fill the gaps by employing qualitative case study method. The selected case was the baker who won the champion of the world baking competition. The findings show that job crafting could be seen as the process of capabilities cultivation pushed by the sense of purpose. Job crafter needs to adapt his capabilities to cope with the requirements of the new boundaries of task, relationship and cognition. The implications for the relevant theories and practices were discussed.