刺激變項對自閉症學童自傷行為之影響

The Effect of Stimulation Variables to Intervene Self-Injurious Behavior of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

本研究旨在探討非後效增強與區別增強其他行為和高、低可能性偏好物等刺激變項， 對自閉症者的自傷行為之影響。研究參與者取自臺北市三位國小自閉症學童，研究時間四 個月，首先評估研究參與者偏好物，其次評估研究參與者行為功能分析，實驗研究的自變 項為固定時距──非後效增強，與固定時距──區別增強其他行為，依變項為研究參與者 的自傷行為，研究方法採用單一受試A-B-C-A-B-C 倒返實驗設計，經介入後發現：固定時 距──非後效增強三階段，三位研究參與者的自傷行為均一致性的降低，成效十分良好， 顯示非後效增強對自傷行為之介入處理有明顯效果；偏好物具有功能性等值作用；固定時 距──區別增強其他行為三階段時間的間隔每階段增加50%的延宕時間，具有消弱目標行 為的作用，三位研究參與者顯示自傷行為已降低至20%以下；無論使用固定時距──非後 效增強或固定時距──區別增強其他行為階段，三位研究參與者均明顯的出現偶發性增 強、消弱、消弱激突、饜足及其他副作用情形。本研究提出介入自閉症者自傷行為之建議， 供教師與研究人員參考。

The purpose of this study was to intervening in self-injurious behavior. Participants were 3 children with autism spectrum enrolling in the elementary of Taipei City. Results of functional analyses indicated that self-injurious behavior (SIB) was maintained by social- positive and automatically reinforcement. NCR and DRO procedures， individualized for each participant， were implemented in the single subject reversal experimental design with A-B-C-A-B-C type with decreases in three subjects’ SIB. The results revealed that the fix interval of NCR and DRO significantly decreased objective behavior below 20%. The study showed that NCR and DRO produced recovery. Results indicated that NCR and DRO produced spontaneous negative side effects. These results suggested that dense NCR and DRO decreased SIB by altering its motivating operation but extinction burst occurred as NCR and DRO was thinned. Suggestions and implementations to the utilizing of positive intervention were discussed.