晚明文學評點視域下的《藥地炮莊》

Yaodi Paozhuang from the Perspective of Literary Criticism During the Late Ming

學界對《藥地炮莊》的研究經常從哲學角度切入，討論方以智（1611－1671）對莊子學、禪學、三教會通的觀點。然而，《藥地炮莊》以評點的形式編撰，作者、讀者與作品的關係業已改變，當中蘊藏深厚的讀者意識，而其後設之閱讀型態、對奇妙怪異風格的品賞態度，都必須置於晚明以降的文學評點脈絡中加以理解。本文嘗試從《藥地炮莊》與文學評點的關係著手，探討《藥地炮莊》的撰作體例、引證文獻、後設閱讀等延續自晚明評點傳統的元素，並分析覺浪道盛（1592－1659）與方以智如何以評點《莊子》的形式，與清初文人讀者群在書中建立對話的場域。若能闡明《藥地炮莊》與評點的關係，對於閱讀、理解《藥地炮莊》將具有相當重大的意義。 This paper argues that Yaodi paozhuang 藥地炮莊 belongs to the genre of literary criticism (pingdian 評點) from the late Ming and early Qing periods. While recent studies apply a philosophical approach to the research about Fang Yizhi 方以智 (1611-1671) and his commentary on Zhuangzi 莊子, this paper adopts the method of literary criticism to reveal the reading skill and the interpretative strategy evident in Yaodi paozhuang. Considering the huge number of texts quoted in Yaodi paozhuang and the skill of meta-reading derived from the tradition of literary criticism, it is of great help to elucidate these elements in Fang’s work for a better understanding of this work. In addition, investigating the discursive field of late Ming and early Qing literati can shed some light on how popular novels and sophisticated writings like Zhuangzi were read and analyzed. In this way, many difficulties of reading Yaodi paozhuang can be overcome and messages Fang left for us can be transmitted more accurately.

This paper argues that Yaodi paozhuang 藥地炮莊 belongs to the genre of literary criticism (pingdian 評點) from the late Ming and early Qing periods. While recent studies apply a philosophical approach to the research about Fang Yizhi 方以智 (1611-1671) and his commentary on Zhuangzi 莊子, this paper adopts the method of literary criticism to reveal the reading skill and the interpretative strategy evident in Yaodi paozhuang. Considering the huge number of texts quoted in Yaodi paozhuang and the skill of meta-reading derived from the tradition of literary criticism, it is of great help to elucidate these elements in Fang’s work for a better understanding of this work. In addition, investigating the discursive field of late Ming and early Qing literati can shed some light on how popular novels and sophisticated writings like Zhuangzi were read and analyzed. In this way, many difficulties of reading Yaodi paozhuang can be overcome and messages Fang left for us can be transmitted more accurately.