從門人到批判者：明儒王道與陽明學之疏離

The Division between the Philosophical Doctrines of Wang Dao and Wang Yang-ming

本文主要圍繞王道由王陽明的門人到學說批判者這個轉變展開討論，著重藉助對相關各方論學書信的編年考證與解讀，呈現二王關係的三個階段性變化過程：正德六、七年間，新科進士王道以正式門人身份成為陽明學說的追隨者；從正德八年至正德末，王道受到以魏校為中心的朱子學群體影響，逐漸轉變為陽明學說的強烈批評者；從嘉靖初直到去世，王道仍然是陽明學說的嚴厲批評者，但他不再持朱子學立場，而是藉助包括《大學》改本、《周易》詮釋、佛道思想等多樣化資源，嘗試探索和發展獨立於前賢朱熹及同時代師友王陽明、湛若水、魏校的一己學說。本文的討論有助於說明，作為新思想學說的陽明學在出現和形成過程中，時人對它的即時性反應，以及新舊學說之間的對話與競爭，如何促成部分讀書人在反思「朱王異同」的基礎上，致力於追求一己獨立之學。 When Wang Yang-ming served as a central government officer in Beijing in 1511, Wang Dao attended his philosophical discussions and had been one of his finest students and close friends. Two years later, intellectual disagreements and unpleasantness between Wang Dao and Wang Yang-ming transpired. The most important reason for the discord is that Wang Dao was gradually influenced by Zhu Xi School, which had a number of different ideas from Wang Yang-ming’s. Wang Dao developed Zhu Xi’s ideas and accused Wang Yang-ming of having mystical theories about the nature of mind. Later, Wang Dao wrote numerous articles that were highly critical of every major doctrine that Wang Yang-ming had proposed. However, Wang turned to formulate philosophical doctrines from Confucian, Taoist and Buddhist classics on his own instead of following Zhu Xi’s. This article reconstructs the critical period in Wang Yang-ming's philosophical development and the intellectual movement he sought to foster.

When Wang Yang-ming served as a central government officer in Beijing in 1511, Wang Dao attended his philosophical discussions and had been one of his finest students and close friends. Two years later, intellectual disagreements and unpleasantness between Wang Dao and Wang Yang-ming transpired. The most important reason for the discord is that Wang Dao was gradually influenced by Zhu Xi School, which had a number of different ideas from Wang Yang-ming’s. Wang Dao developed Zhu Xi’s ideas and accused Wang Yang-ming of having mystical theories about the nature of mind. Later, Wang Dao wrote numerous articles that were highly critical of every major doctrine that Wang Yang-ming had proposed. However, Wang turned to formulate philosophical doctrines from Confucian, Taoist and Buddhist classics on his own instead of following Zhu Xi’s. This article reconstructs the critical period in Wang Yang-ming's philosophical development and the intellectual movement he sought to foster.