跟蹤糾纏行為之處罰：以德國法制為中心

Punishment on Stalking: Focusing on German Legal Scheme

跟蹤騷擾行為（stalking）是一種針對特定個人而為之病態的、不尋常的，且長時間或反覆的干擾行為，其行為態樣非常多，例如追蹤、站崗、守候、打無聲電話、以電子通訊工具傳送訊息或電子郵件。跟蹤騷擾的行為雖非嚴重侵害個人自由之行為，然而此等行為如同恐嚇行為一般，是一種對被害人製造心靈恐懼的行為。長久以來，跟蹤騷擾行為都被視為違法性過於輕微，以致於在我國刑法領域中，不被當成犯罪行為來對待，也沒有相對應的刑法處罰規定。只有在社會秩序維護法中略見對於無正當理由跟追行為之秩序罰。然而近二十年來，世界各國紛紛立法將跟蹤騷擾行為「犯罪化」，不僅「反跟追」的議題成為重大婦幼安全議題，且嚴肅對待跟蹤騷擾行為對於被害人之傷害與影響。目前刑法學界對此議題較常見的是美國法、日本法的比較研究，然而對於德國法制之相關研究則較少見，本文將聚焦於德國相關法制的分析與研究，希望可以讓此一議題的討論更加豐富，並作為我國未來立法的參考。 Stalking is a kind of morbid, unusual, long-term or repeated interference behavior to specific individuals. The forms of behavior are diverse, such as tracking, standing guard, waiting, voiceless calls and sending messages or e-mails by electronic communication tool. Although stalking is not the behavior which seriously violates individuals' freedom, it resembles threatening and it creates mental fear to the victims. Over the past years, stalking and harassment behaviors have long been viewed mild violation of laws. As a result, they are not treated as criminal behaviors in the field of the Criminal Code, and neither are there corresponding criminal regulations on punishments. Applicable regulations are only available in the Domestic Violence Prevention Act. However, apparently, such a legislative status is insufficient. At present, among the laws and regulations of various countries in the world, in addition to Domestic Violence Prevention Act, general criminal regulations concerning “anti-stalking” almost have been established in various countries in the world. From the perspective of integrity of personal protection, it is necessary for Taiwan to formulate similar laws and regulations. In recent ten years, issue of “anti-stalking” became an important topic of women's and children's safety. Harm and effect of stalking on victims are seriously treated. With the demands and expectation of different circles, Ministry of the Interior of Taiwan developed the draft of “prevention of stalking”. However, it lacked direct criminal punishment and regulation on stalking and the protection on personal freedom was insufficient. Currently, in academic circle of the criminal law, regarding the issue, the common research is comparative study between American law and Japanese law instead of studies related to German Legal Scheme. This study focuses on analysis and exploration of related German laws in order to enhance the discussion of the said issue and serve as reference for future lawmaking in Taiwan.