五大人格特質對高齡受刑人生命價值觀、死亡態度及監禁生涯阻隔之影響

The Eects of the Big Five personality toward “Attitudes toward Imprisonment： Life Barrier”,” Life Value”, ”Attitudes toward Death”, of the Elderly Inmates

隨著人口結構高齡化以及嚴懲化刑事政策，高齡受刑人人數激增，造成矯正機構的新挑戰。本研究以五大人格特質分類，分析不同人格特質傾向之60歲以上高齡受刑人對自身之監禁生涯阻隔、生命價值觀及死亡態度之影響，並提出具體供實務單位參考之建議。本研究獲國科會NSC102-2410-H-194-021計畫補助。本研究為研究者前述國科會計畫之延伸分析，選取樣本為版2014年七月，採研究者及研究助理親赴抽樣監獄施測以及委託抽樣監獄代為選取符合抽樣準則之樣本進行施測，共回收87位60歲以上高齡受刑人有效樣本。研究工具採用改編量表方式，針對高齡受刑人之五大人格特質、監禁生涯阻隔、生命價值觀及死亡態度進行量化資料蒐集，研究工具共分為，受刑人基本資料、五大人格特質短縮版、生命價值觀量表、死亡態度量表、監禁生涯阻隔量表等部分。研究結果發現：具有高「神經質」特質傾向的高齡受刑人，容易對自己的生命價值觀產生負向的態度，他們顯得較為消極、較為負面、也有較高的自殺念頭。而負向的生命態度也讓這些高神經質特質傾向的高齡受刑人對自己的死亡抱持著憂慮以及逃避的想法。而這些消極的、逃避的態度則影響了高齡受刑人對自己監禁處遇的不滿以及放棄。這樣的消極與放棄將無可避免的增加矯正機構管理人員的工作負擔，也降低高齡受刑人的矯正成效。因此，如何透過先期量表篩選高神經質特質傾向的高齡受刑人，並提供友善的「臨終討論」機會，是降低高齡受刑人監禁處遇壓力及負面態度的重要關鍵。 According to the growing of the elder population and the punitive amendments of the Law system, the elder inmates increased rapidly in Taiwan, and it has been a serious problem toward the correction system. In the present study, we used the Big Five personality as the category to classify the elderly inmates, and analyzed the effects toward “Attitudes toward Imprisonment”, “Attitudes toward Death”, and “Life Value” by different personality tendencies. The present study got the funding from the National Science Council (NSC102- 2410-H-194-021). As a follow up study from Tai (2015), 87 samples of the present study were those who over 60 years old from Tai (2015). Data was gathered by questionnaires in a month from July, 1, 2014. There were five parts of our questionnaires: the demographic questions, the “Big Five Personality Scale”, the “Life Value Scale”, the “Attitudes toward Death Scale”, and the “Attitudes toward Imprisonment : Life Barrier Scale”, which were revised from the previous study. By classifying samples by the median of the Big Five scores into two groups, we have found that samples of the group of “high tendency of neuroticism” showed negative attitudes toward their own life, and they had high motivation of suicide. They also showed high anxiety toward death, and they showed low cooperative attitudes toward the correction system. We suggested that by using the scale to measure the neuroticism personality of the elderly inmates may be an efficient method to manage and help them in the prison.