從矯正機關收容人口結構之變化探討其因應之道

The Study on Exploring Possible Coping for the Prisoner's Structure in Correctional Institutions

隨著社會的快速發展與多元化，犯罪與治安問題影響政治、經濟及社會的發展。本研究收集法務統計年報及統計月報，探討矯正機關收容之結構特性，並瞭解受刑人在性別、罪名、年齡、刑期等面向的特徵，期對矯正機關收容現況有較周全的觀察及瞭解。研究發現，矯正機關呈現長期超額收容、受刑人長刑期化及高齡化、收容人處分類別多元化、特定犯罪類型收容人數偏高（毒品危害防制條例、公共危險罪及詐欺罪）、累再犯人數逐年偏高、新入監受刑人以短期自由刑居多等現象，深深影響矯正機關之管理及處遇措施。為因應矯正機關收容如上述趨勢變化，提出以下建議：（1）善用多元轉向制度；（2）健全矯治處遇，重視受刑人處遇規劃；（3）改善收容人生活設施與空間，建構人道與安全的拘禁環境；（4）運用修復式正義理論觀點處理犯罪問題；（5）健全社區處遇制度；（6）逐步建立降低監禁率之刑事司法體系共識。尤其是我國正在民主深化的進程中，對於監獄之定位與目的，及監禁是否能有效達成預防犯罪之定位，或許可再重新思考，轉而致力於更完善的社會政策。 With the rapidly developing and diversifying society, the growing of politics, economic and society are effected by criminal problems. By collecting statistics of Justice, the research intends to explore the structure characteristics of prisoners in correctional institutions, and to understand inmates' features on gender, type of offense, age, type of penalty and other dimensions, for much more comprehensive observation about prisoners in correctional institutions in the current situation.The study finds that there are overcrowded for a long time, the aging and long-term sentencing inmates, the diversified treatment for prisoners, high number of inmates with specific crime (e.g. Against Narcotics Act, offenses against public safety and offenses of fraudulence). The number of recidivists has been increasing. New inmates with short-term sentencing are in a great measure. These phenomena affects deeply the management and treatment procedures for correctional institutions. To cope with the abovementioned trends for prisoners in correctional institutions, the research suggests: (1) to use well multi-diversion systems; (2) to establish sound correctional treatment for prisoners; (3) to improve the life facilities and space for inmates, establishing a humane and safe housing environment; (4) to employ the viewpoints of restorative justice to deal with crime problems; (5) to establish a healthy community treatment system; (6) to gradually establish the consensus in criminal justice system to lower the imprisonment rate. Especially, Taiwan is in the process to deepen the democracy, it may perhaps to reconsider the position and purpose of prison as well as whether imprisonment could successfully reach the goal for crime prevention, and strive to perfect the social policy.