矯正機關收容人攻擊管教人員歷程之研究

A Research on the Course of Inmates Assaulting the Staff at the Correctional Institutions

傳統上，對於矯正機關收容人生活適應或違規行為之探討，多數以剝奪模式（deprivation model）、輸入模式（importation model）、受刑人平衡理論（inmate-balance theory）及行政控制理論（administrative-control theory）加以解釋，然就收容人暴行違規之研究，經常混合收容人間暴行及收容人對管教人員暴行為研究內涵，少有完整針對收容人攻擊管教人員之原因進行探究，國內文獻並無純就收容人攻擊管教人員之情境因素及其互動歷程之研究，在解釋收容人暴行之原因容易產生謬誤。本研究將收容人攻擊管教人員之暴力事件，以一整體事件的脈絡概念，排除精神疾病之施暴者，以質性研究方法進行半結構式訪談，除探討收容人個人基本特性外，從情境處理及被害者學的角度探討攻擊事件中管教人員與收容人的互動歷程。研究結果發現，攻擊事件發生之原因除收容人個人特性外，收容人對於平時管教措施的感受是攻擊事件的遠因，與管教人員互動的負面因子強化其攻擊動機，而管教人員在事件情境當下的言語刺激與負面態度是相當重要的導火線，暴行對於收容人有特定的心理意涵或目的，收容人於攻擊事件發生後會試圖彌補或改善與管教人員之關係。研究結果建議，針對高風險收容人實施情緒教育，正向回應收容人個別生活上之問題，增進管教人員處理收容人問題之能力，及有效監控可能誘發暴行之互動情境，將能有效降低收容人的攻擊性及暴行事件的發生。 In tradition, most studies apply deprivation model, importation model, inmatebalance theory and administrative-control theory to explore inmates' life adaptation or behavioral misconduct inside prison. While there are many studies explore the situational factors of inmates assaulting the staff and the interaction between inmates themselves, but few researches focus on the assaulting issues between correctional officers and prisoners in Taiwan. Therefore, the explanation of inmates' violence could be pragmatic and the fallacy would be caused easily in explaining their' atrocity. This research, excluding psychotic group, applies qualitative research method to analyze the event of inmates who assaulted the staff. Beside the inmates' characters, the interaction between staff and inmates in atrocity event will be discussed through the perspective of victimized context and Victimology. We could discover that the assaulting event was not only affected by the inmates' personal traits but also their feelings towards the regulation measures, which was the remote cause. The negative factor of interaction with the staff strengthened their assaulting motivation, and the staff's hostile language and attitude were important fuses to trigger the assaulting event. Atrocity has specific mental connotation to the inmates who may attempt to compensate or improve the inmates' relationship with the staff after the assaulting event. Therefore, estimating inmates' personal traits and controlling the situational factor will effectively reduce the inmates' aggressiveness and violent events.