| 英文摘要 |
China and India, two largest countries in the world have been studied from time immemorial for their contribution to humankind in art, science, technology and philosophy and for their impact on global development. Both of them were a highly urban civilization by the 18th century, though the bulk of the population lived in rural areas. China was much advanced in science and technology, with gunpowder, printing, paper and paper currency as its inventions. India was known for its mathematics, Yoga, ayurvedic medicine and its philosophy. The Chinese gave the world the wheelbarrow and bureaucracy; India gave the world the zero, decimals and Buddhism. Both were major exporters of fine textiles, silks and muslins; their ships sailed around the world and indeed dominated the seas until 1500. The control of the seas passed to a series of Western European countries. Yet the two countries remained economically vibrant till the late 18th century. |
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