戰後初期臺灣之臺灣研究的展開：一個歷史斷裂中的延續

The Development of Taiwanese Studies in the Immediate Postwar Taiwan: Continuation within Historical Disruption

目前，作為一門研究領域的「中國學（漢學）」在國際學界已確立穩固的地位，相對於此，作為一門新興研究領域的「臺灣學」，在晚近隨著臺灣的民主化與臺灣的自我認識的「市民權」要求，才日漸受到臺灣內部與國際的重視。相對於目前的榮景，戰役臺灣的臺灣研究，卻有一段長期被壓抑的時期，臺灣研究可以說一直到60年代時仍未受到重視，直至70年代才開始起步。但是值得注意的是到戰後70年代為止，臺灣研究在臺灣雖然受到壓抑但並未完全中斷，守住這絲研究命脈的有：臺灣文化協進會〈臺灣文化》（1946年~50年）、《公論報》副刊「臺灣風土」（1948年-55年）及臺灣風物社（林本源中華文化教育基金會）《臺灣風物》（1950年~現在）這三個刊物及其作者群。然而，在戰後臺灣之臺灣研究的草創期間，持續臺灣研究的僅只有民間團體的「臺灣學」嗎？究竟戰後臺灣之憂灣研究是如何展開？曾經被制度化成為一種官方支持的「臺灣學」嗎？而如果有的話，這樣的制度化的官方臺灣研究機構之濫觴為何？又是在何種歷史的機緣與脈絡之下登場的呢？早在80年代，日本學者若林正丈即指出「臺灣省編譯館臺灣研究組是戰後臺灣政府之臺灣研究機構的出發點」，筆者在談及臺灣省編譯館之相關研究論文中，也曾指出「臺灣省編譯館從成立到撤廢，期間極短，僅僅十個月，其唯一的成果是臺灣研究組在楊雲萍的領導下，整理、抄錄、編譯日本人留下的臺灣研究成果，（略）其貢獻是不容忽視與否定的，說臺灣省編譯館臺灣研究組是戰後臺灣研究的出發點，想必是不為過。」本文旨在釐清作為戰後最初之官方的臺灣研究機構的臺灣省編譯館臺灣研究組，如何透過翻譯，以挪用為接收，繼承戰前日本學者在臺灣之臺灣研究成果，展開戰後臺灣的臺灣研究，從史學史、學術史的角度探討戰後臺灣之臺灣研究的脈絡。 Chinese Studies (Hanxue) has a well-established position in the international academic world as a legitimate field of research. Taiwan Studies, on the other hand, prompted by the recent democratization movement and the desire for international citizenship as more and more people self-identify as Taiwanese, is gradually gaining attention internationally. Following the end of World War II, Taiwan Studies was suppressed and even in the 1960s did not receive the attention it was due. It was not until 1970s that Taiwan Studies began making significant progress. However, even during that immediate postwar era, Taiwanese studies never completely disappeared. There were three publications-Taiwanese Culture (Taiwan wenhua, Taiwanese Culture Promotion Association, 1945-50), the literary section Taiwan Fengtu (1948-55) in the Public Discourse News (Gonglunbao, 1950-present), and Taiwan Fengwu (1950-present) published by Taiwan Fengwushe (Lin Benyuan Chinese Culture Education Foundation) －whose writers kept the endangered field alive. However, were these private groups the only resource for Taiwan Studies during the initial period of the postwar era? How did postwar Taiwan Studies develope as a field? Was it ever institutionalized as an officially-recognized discipline? If so, what was the genesis of that official apparatus? Under what historical circumstances did it come about? As early as the 1980s Japanese scholar Wakabayashi Masatake pointed to the Taiwan Research Team at the Taiwan Provincial Editorial and Translation Bureau as 'the starting point of postwar government-backed Taiwan Studies organizations.' In my own article discussing the Taiwan Provincial Editorial and Translation Bureau, I propose that 'though TPETB only existed for a short ten months from commencement to its abolishment, we shall neither ignore nor negate contributions made by the scholarship of the Japanese, which was consolidated, transcribed, and edited and translated under the leadership of Yang Yunping. It is not too farfetched to say that TPETB is the foundation for postwar Taiwan Studies.' This article explores how the first official postwar institute TPETB inherited and appropriated the fruit of pre-war Japanese scholarship on Taiwan through translation and examines the development of postwar Taiwan Studies from the perspectives of historiography and academic history.