由歷劫到修行——《西遊記》中孫悟空「遇仙」情節分析

From Trial to Practice— The Analyzation of “Encountering Immortals” Plot in “Journey to the West”

《西遊記》中為了使主人公達成「歷劫」和「修行」的過程，「遇仙」模式被頻繁運用，以建構神、魔兩大群體之間的互動與衝突情節。神仙與魔的差異是以其是否有「二心（欲念）」為基準，兩者不過一念之差。這種二心的概念通過「遇仙」情節的不斷重複中得以體現。取經過程中，但凡真正的妖怪會被直接打死，神仙、神獸變化而來的妖魔卻有著「探源」的舉動。孫悟空必須探查這些妖魔的來歷，並將它收服。「遇仙」模式的運用推動了歷劫時從探源到收服的過程，使得妖魔再度回歸神仙的身份，帶出神與魔一念之差的概念。徒弟中僅有孫悟空成佛，他同時也是「遇仙」最頻繁者，不斷探源、歷劫，是最能體現神魔身份轉換，並帶出「以修行滅二心」題旨的人物。 “Trials(歷劫) ” and “practice(修行) ” are main themes of the story “Journey to the West(西遊記) ”. In order to achieve these main themes, the pattern of “encountering immortals(遇仙) ” is frequently used in novel to build up the interaction and conflict scene between God(神) and spirits(魔) . God is opposite to spirits on the basis of the desire of characters(二心) . This statement can be demonstrated through the application of the pattern of “encountering immortals” in novel when creating and solving “trials”. When confronting with monsters from God in origin, Sun Wukong must find out the identification of monsters(探源) so that he can tame the monsters and get them back to original identification. Meanwhile, the real monsters will be killed on spot. The application of the “encountering immortals” pattern in novel drives the “trials” process and to bring the statement that god and spirit are same origin outstanding, their difference is relying on the character's desire. Among the disciple, Sun Wukong encounters with immortals the most and finally become God. The double identity of Sun Wukong, whom obtains the identity of spirit at first and finally become God, also makes him the best example to show the application of the pattern of “encountering immortals” in novel.