試論韓愈〈毛穎傳〉之相關問題

Study on Related Issues in Mao Yin Chuan of Han Yu

本文旨在探討與〈毛穎傳〉相關之議題，期對此文之理解，一窺韓愈戲謔文學之特色。韓愈的「戲作」約有三類，而「奇文」非即是「戲作」之屬；韓愈諸戲作中，尤以「假傳」形式為之的〈毛穎傳〉，對中國文學產生的影響匪淺。本文所論以為：（一）張籍「駮雜無實」與裴度「以文為戲」之說，實與〈毛穎傳〉無涉，因二氏之說均早於〈毛穎傳〉之撰成。而關於此一誤說，實可推至王定保、劉克莊、胡應麟之失。（二）唐代時人多以〈毛穎傳〉為「怪」，至宋，對此文之佳評漸起，迨明、清兩代，則主受尊古文者之推崇。（三）〈毛穎傳〉之撰成，實與其之前的文學發展有著密切關係，此亦可見，歷代文類相互影響之效。（四）〈毛穎傳〉因有別於傳統儒家的文學觀，突破文類界域、寓莊於諧，故致遭譏。（五）〈毛穎傳〉造就了中國「假傳」文學的形成，使之蔚為風尚。以上諸點之討論，對〈毛穎傳〉宏觀的了解，或不無助益。 This paper probes into issues related to Mao Yin Chuan and tries to explore the characteristics of banter literature of Han Yu by comprehending the article. There are three types of “work of play” of Han Yu. “Unusual literature” is not a kind of “work of play. In work of play of Han Yu, Mao Yin Chuan upon the form of false biography significantly influences Chinese literature. This paper suggests that (1) “complicated and false style” of Chang Chi and “play by writing” of Pei Du are unrelated to Mao Yin Chuan since their statements were proposed earlier than the finish of Mao Yin Chuan. The error can be attributed to Wang Ding-bao, Liu Ke-zhuang and Hu Ying-lin. (2) In Tang Dynasty, the people mostly treated Mao Yin Chuan as “strange work”. In Sung Dynasty, there were some positive comments and in Ming and Ching Dynasty, Mao Yin Chuan was popular with the people preferring ancient literature. (3) Accomplishment of Mao Yin Chuan is associated with the previous literature development. It demonstrates the mutual effects among past genres of literature. (4) Mao Yin Chuan is different from literature perspective of traditional the Confucian school. It breaks through the genre and presents implied meanings by jokes; thus, it is mocked. (5) Mao Yin Chuan creates Chinese literature of “false biography” and becomes popular. Based on the above, a macroscopic study on Mao Yin Chuan is worthy.