船舶裝設天帆之機電控制系統研發及海上初測

Mechatronic Control and Field Measurement of the Skysail on Ships

天帆（Skysail）技術已由德國SkySails GmbH團隊研發實測於大型貨輪，已達成節能減碳的目的：本文旨為研發天帆控制系統之關鍵性技術，探討天帆提供輔助動力對於船舶引擎運作之影響，工作內容包括天帆機電控制系統之研發及海上初測兩部份，機電控制系統含風速風向計、GPS、天帆姿態控制機構、NI可程式控制器、LabVIEW人機介面等軟硬體之整合，以控制天帆之收放速度、水平角及仰角，達到控制天帆在空中有最大有效風面之目的：本研究並進行船舶海上初測，量測天帆在空中不同角度之拉力對船速的影響及引擎轉速的變化，進而計算耗油節省率及減碳效果，初測結果顯示天帆仰角40-60度時可產生最大有效受力風面，在風速5級、天帆仰角45度、順風航行之情況下，船速5.2節時可增至6.8節，船速2.4節時可增至4.1節，節省耗油量約3.6%-4.8%，二氧化碳當量可降低4.2%-4.8%，研究結果顯示在適當的條件操作下，船舶裝設天帆確實可獲得明顯的節能減碳的成效。 The skysail technology has been developed and applied on a cargo ship by SkySails GmbH in Germany. This document develops the key technology of control system of skysails. This includes the mechatronic mechanism and the field measurement. The mechatronic mechanism consists of an anemometer, a weather vane, a GPS, a skysail position controller, an NI programmable controller, LabVIEW, etc. The mechatronic mechanism is used to control the horizontal and vertical angles of the skysail so as to gain the maximum acting drag force. The field experiment examines the availability of the mechatronic mechanism. The data analysis involves the effects or skysail positions on the ship speed and the engine RPM. Under the case of Beaufort wind scale 5. 45° vertical angle of the skysail and sail along the wind direction, the ship speed increases from 5.2 to 6.8 knots, and 2.4 to 4.1 knots. The fuel saves about 3.6% to 4.8%. The CO2-equiv reduces about 4.2% to 4.8%. The results indicate that the skysail system has a remarkable performance on the energy saving and carbon reduction.