台灣造船產業工程延遲原因之研究

A Study on Cause of Delays in the Shipbuilding Industry in Taiwan

本研究匯集學者專家對造船工程延遲原因的寶貴經驗與意見，以系統思考的方法，探討造成台灣造船產業延邊的根本原因，以期提昇台灣造船產業的生產力與競爭力。許多研究已發現，延遲（delay）是專案失敗的重要原囡，減少延遲，是提升競爭力的重要方法之一。本研究透過文獻回顧法及專家訪談法，先彙整出造船延遲因子，再對專業人員進行問卷調查，最後以相對重要指數、與統計分析等方法，確認台灣造船工程之延遲關鍵因子為（1）施工過程中的錯誤／翻工、（2）材料交貨延遲、（3）專案經理能力或權力不足以有效統合與指揮、（4）建造期間隨意要求與變更設計。本研究最後建椅系統思考因果環路圈，做進一步分析，發現「本位主義」的心智模式、與「各利害關係人的隨意變更」，才是造成「翻工」與「延遲」的根本原因。本研究成果可供台灣造船產業改善組織與績效之參考。 This study gathers the opinions and experiences regarding delay factors from Taiwan's shipbuilding experts Systematic thinking is applied to identity the fundamental causes of delay in Taiwan's shipbuilding industry, hoping to facilitate its productivity and competitiveness. Several research findings reveal delay is the primary cause of project failure; thus, minimizing delays is critical for enhancing competitiveness. Delay factors are compiled by extensive literature review and interviews with experts, followed by questionnaire for the professionals. Finally, the relative importance index method (RII) and other statistical measures are employed to identify significant delay factors, including (1) rework during construction, (2) material delivery delays, (3) Project manager's incompetence in integration and command, and (4) random requirements and design changes from owner during construction. The above findings are further analyzed with the causal loop diagram, i.e. a system thinking technique. It is noted that the underlying causes of delay and rework are the mental model of departmentalism and arbitrary changes of orders. The research outcome may serve as a reference for Taiwan's shipbuilding industry in organization and performance Improvement.