FRP船體結構力學之探討

Structure Mechanics for FRP Ships

纖維強化塑膠（Fiber Reinforced Plastics，簡稱FRP）材料具有質量輕、強度大、不腐蝕、易成型等優點，已廣泛成為漁船、遊艇、快艇等小型船舶之主要材料，唯此種材料力學性質較為奇特，依各種纖維、樹脂之組合、製程方式變化多端，特別是受外力作用下，其變形、破壞過程、極限強度均不易掌握，以致於設計者均很保守地使用此材料，使得船隻過於笨重，無法發揮FRP材料特性，此有賴更多專家學者在此方面上研究。本文為作者多年來之研究主題，將部分研究成果彙整於造船學會專題演講中發表，與專家先進們分享。本文內容包括：1.FRP船之原料及製程，2.FRP材料之力學特性，3.FRP材料強度，4.FRP結構強度：（1）船舶整體強度，（2）波擊破壞強度，（3）夾芯材之衝擊強度，（4）殼板之衝擊強度，（5）螺栓接合強度，（6）挫曲強度。1、2項屬於一般性介紹，3、4項為個人之研究成果。期望此內容有助於國內船舶設計者對FRP材料及結構之瞭解，進而設計建造出更輕快且安全之FRP船。 Having the advantages of lightweight, high strength, anticorrosion and easy mold, Fiber Reinforced plastics (FRP) has widely acted as an major material for yacht, fishing boat and speed boat FRP has versatile mechanical characteristics due to different fibers, matrixes and producing processes Their deformation, fracture and ultimate strength owing to external loads are hard to predict Consequently, designers conservatively employ FRP's capabilities and make ships overweighed. FRP's advantages are not brought into full play Experts' detailed studies are necessary then. This subject is the speaker's research field for years and some achievements are summarized into this demonstration. The report outlines are: 1. FRP ships' materials and producing processes, 2. FRP materials' mechanical characteristics, 3. FRP materials' strength, 4. FRP structures' strength: (1) Global strength of ships, (2) Fracture strength of FRP plates subjected to slamming, (3) Impact strength of FRP sandwiches, (4) Impact strength of FRP plates and shells, (5) Strength of FRP plates with bolted joints, (6) Buckling strength of FRP laminated plates. Topics 1 and 2 are general introductions; topics 3 and 4 are personal research achievements. Hopefully, the contents are helpful to ship designers in the fields of FPR materials and structures while building FRP ships.