投資性不動產會計選擇的影響因素

Factors Influencing Accounting Choice for Investment Properties

國際財務報導準則中，IAS 40規範投資性不動產之會計處理，允許企業以公允價值模式或成本模式衡量公司之投資性不動產；若企業選擇採用公允價值法，須以公允價值衡量所有投資性不動產，投資性不動產公允價值之變動應於發生當期認列為損益。本研究目的是探討影響投資性不動產選擇以公允價值法或是成本法之影響因子。研究結果顯示偏好選擇以成本模式作為投資性不動產的會計衡量方法的公司，具有較低的市價對帳面價值比，且多為大陸法系國家公司；而市價對帳面價值比愈大、公司規模愈大，公允價值數字來自於獨立鑑價人員以及英美法系國家的公司，會偏好以公允價值模式作為投資性不動產的會計衡量方法。 Under IFRS, the rules for measurement of investment properties are presented in IAS 40, which allows firms to choose either fair value model or cost model to value their investment properties. If firms choose the fair value method, they must revalue their all investment properties annually as measured by fair value, and present changes in the fair value of investment properties in the income statement. The objective of this study is to investigate the factors that affect the choice between fair value model and cost model for investment properties. The results show that firms having a low market-to-book ratio and civil-law based firms have an incentive to select the cost model. However, in the case of higher market-to-book ratio and larger company sizes, the fair value numbers come from independent reviewers and common-law based firms, which prefer to use the fair value model as the investment property measurement.