太魯閣國家公園關原地區三種利用巢箱鳥類之繁殖特徵

Breeding Traits of Three Species of Birds in Nest Boxes at Guan-Yuan in the Taroko National Park

自2004年l月至2005年8月於太魯閣國家公園關原地區進行巢箱監測，比較兩個生殖季問鳥類繁殖特徵之差異。於春天溫度較早回升的2005年中，青背山雀（Parus monticolus）、煤山雀（P. ater）與普通鳾（Sitta europaea）築巢活動與產卵時問均較2004年為早，在雌鳥產卵、雛鳥孵化的時問同步性及窩卵數方面，則無一致趨勢；2005年4月中旬至5月中旬問為明顯降水季，該時期因親鳥棄巢導致繁殖失敗之巢數亦相對較高，且繁殖失敗皆發生於孵卵期至育雛早期問；而其後山雀科鳥類第二波繁殖期之築巢活動較2004年為高。另外，遭捕食者捕食則為育雛中期後鳥巢繁殖失敗之主要原因。 Breeding activities of the three species of birds, green-backed tit (Parus monticolus), coal tit (P. ater) and Eurasian nuthatch (Sitta europaea), in nest boxes were examined in association with temperature and precipitation at Guan-Yuan in the Taroko National Park, 2004 and 2005. In the warmer early spring of 2005, the nest building date and egg laying date of the first clutch were earlier as compared to those in 2004, yet the same trend was not found in term of synchronization of egg laying date, hatching date and clutch size among three species. Due to heavier and more frequent raining in mid-April to mid-May of that year, the number of the nests deserted by the birds was higher. The desertion occurred either in the incubation stage or in the early nestling stage. However, the nest building of the second clutch of the two species of tits in 2005 was higher. Also, predation was found to be one of the main causes for the nesting failure after the mid-nestling stage.