臺灣地區野生及圈養黑熊遺傳變異之初探

Mitochondrial DNA-sequences of Wild and Captive Asian Black Bears Ursus thibetanus Cuvier in Taiwan

本研究共定序出1隻馬來熊（Ursus malayanus Raffles）及11隻亞洲黑熊（Ursus thibetanus）的12S rRNA基因（391個鹼基）及16S rRNA基因（425個鹼基）序列，在亞洲黑熊部分，3隻確定為亞洲黑熊臺灣亞種，其餘8隻則為不確定來源之圈養亞洲黑熊。定序結果，兩個基因在亞洲黑熊與馬來熊間有明顯差異，建議可做為此兩種間鑑別的依據。在台灣黑熊亞種及圈養的亞洲黑熊之間，分別只有3個鹼基發生轉移變異，由於基因變異性低，該二個基因應不適作為亞洲黑熊亞種間的鑑別。 Partial gene sequences of mitochondrial 12S rRNA (391 bp) and 16S rRNA (425 bp) werecompared among one captive sun bear (Ursus malayanus Raffles) and 11 Asian black bears (Ursusthibetanus Cuvier). The latter consisted of two wild and one captive Taiwan black bear (Ursus thibetanusformosanus Swinhoe) and eight captive individuals of unknown geographical origins. There were distinctinterspecific differences in the sequences between the sun bear and the Asian black bears with 13nucleotide variations (one deletion, one transversion and 11 transitions) for 12S rRNA and 34 variations(two transversions and 32 transitions) for 16S rRNA. For the Asian black bears, there were only threetransitions for each of 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA; the variations were too small for distinction of itsgeographical populations.