儒與商之間：馮夢龍《三言》的編輯策略與商業出版

Confucianism vs. Commerce: Editing Strategy and Commercial Publishing of Feng's San yan

論及通俗小說的發展過程與明代庶民社會現象時，馮夢龍（1574－1646）的《三言》鮮少缺席在討論的案例裡，這顯示出該作品在明代通俗文學與文化中的重要性。然而馮夢龍與其編纂的《三言》，所涵括的意義與特殊性質，不單是短篇白話小說的集大成者這文學層面的成果，更是明代商業出版文化的獨特縮影，此亦為本文企圖切人馮氏與其作品的另一種研究途徑一本文將以「儒與商之間」作為討論的主軸，並於文學性、藝術性的立場之外，從出版與市場的角度來探論馮夢龍《三言》的商品性質，並透過識語、自序、版式、評點與故事內容的刪改來比較與推論，發現馮氏雖作為書香世家的傳統文人，然在大眾商業出版物的範疇中，亦能基於市場需求、讀者群體等面向，將儒家思想融入商業操作中並受到市場肯定，這些細微的呈現，或可推展出研究馮夢龍、《三言》以及明代商業出版文化不同的觀察視角。 Menglong Feng (1574-1646)'s San yan are indispensable to discussions regarding the development of vernacular novels and the social phenomena of commons in the Ming Dynasty. This highlights the importance of these three works in the development of vernacular literature and culture in the Ming Dynasty. In addition to the literary achievement for being the epitome of vernacular short stories in the significance and specificity terms, they represented the unique miniature of commercial publishing in the Ming Dynasty. This is another way that this paper intends to investigate Feng's works: How a traditional scholar from a scholarly family shuffled across the vernacular and commercial publications? How Feng ‘commercialized’ Confucianism through business-oriented publications? How Feng defined his own publications as a publisher and a writer? What are the interactions and differences between his self-positioning and his response to the commercial publishing market in the Ming and Qing dynasties? With ‘Confucianism vs. Commerce’ as the subject matter, in addition to Feng's literary status, this paper examines the merchandise quality of Feng's San yan in terms of publishing and marketing and how he presented the editing strategy in the commercial market as a publisher.