從兩岸故宮倣古玉件談其尊古意識

Study on Antique Jade : Example as the Collection of National Palace Museum in Taipei and Beijing

倣古風格是宋朝及明末清初時期，玉件製作中經常可見的現象，且其淵源並可上溯自兩漢，這樣的風氣即使迭經世代交替，然而，模擬三代舊器的美學意識卻仍然不見中止。且其案例在台北與北京故宮博物院傳世的玉件中也為數不少；同時，這一類玉件，即使歷經不同時代的模擬及改制之後，許多玉件卻更能彰顯其倣古風格的過程與原貌。雖然，這樣的現象就某些層面來說，的確是一種「作偽」的行徑，只是，這樣製作精密，有意識的倣古，究其真實目的卻純然只是「尊古」思想的反映，而非玩古、泥古之意，這樣的思想令人深思；是以本文以兩岸故宮博物院所收藏的倣古玉件為例，印證文獻、玉件上之鐫刻文字，並依不同時期的風格剖析，分別提出好古、稽古、師古的「尊古」意識，使闡明倣古玉件中所寓意的歷史、文化意義及其美學內涵。 Antique jade and archaic color is the popular phenomenon during the Song Dynasty, the Ming and Qing period, and its original can be traced to the Han Dynasty, even by alteration of generations, however, imitating old style is still wide-spreading. Such a large number of cases in the National Palace Museum of Taipei and Beijing handed down the collection of jade; at the same time, this type of jade after a different era style blend, in the past, we often took mistakes in an era. However, with the compare to excavation, even after a scientific laboratory, many jade can be restored in it for the old and the original process. Although this phenomenon is indeed a 'fake' acts, but its real purpose reflects just ' love the antiques ', ' research the antiques 'and ' follow the antiques ' , which thought means special history and culture is worthy of us in-depth study and elaboration.