客家山歌語言認知隱喻研究

A Study of the Metaphorical Metaphor in Hakka Folk Songs

客家山歌紀錄客家族群生活、情感與思維，展現客家語言、文學及文化之美，尤其歌詞取材內容蘊涵豐富的認知語言特色。本文首先整理目前為止有關客家山歌之研究文獻以作回顧與省思，而後以劉鈞章輯錄《精選客家山歌》作為主要語料來源，由其中上萬首山歌中選取具有客家語言風格特色的山歌，進一步運用Lakoff & Johnson（1980、2006）的「概念隱喻理論以及Fauconnier（1984）的「概念融合理論」，依認知譬喻的「喻體」來源對客家山歌中的實體隱喻進行分類與探討，分析其中包括「人物喻」、「動物喻」、「植物喻」及「食物喻」等類型的實體隱喻表現，由其中探究詞語背後所隱涵的思維色彩以凸顯客家山歌文學語言之特色。 Hakka Folk Song records the life, emotion and thinking of the Hakkapeople, shows the beauty of Hakka language, literature, and culture. In particular, the contents of the lyrics contain rich cognitive language features. This article first sorts out the research literature on Hakka folk songs so far for retrospection and reflection, and then uses Liu Junzhang's compilation of “Selected Hakka folk songs” as the main source of corpora. From these tens of thousands of folk songs, further using Lakoff & Johnson's （1980, 2006） “conception of metaphor” theory and Fauconnier's(1984) “concept fusion” theory to discusse the metaphors in the Hakka folk song based on the source domain of ontological metaphor. These include physical metaphorical expressions such as 'body metaphor', 'animal metaphor', 'plant metaphor', and 'food metaphor,' from which one explores the underlying color of the word to highlight the characteristics of the Hakka folk song literary language.