25 Years of Feminist NGOs in China: Reflections on Neoliberalism and its Resistances

中國女權主義非政府組織25年：對新自由主義及其阻力的思考

This article traces the development of post-Mao independent women's organizing in China, especially through the evolution of the concept of the non-governmental organization(NGO)and the(de)politicization of feminist organizing. In the 1980s and 1990s, new women's organizations were founded in China, creating a vibrant community of feminist researchers and activists that existed alongside, and often in cooperation with, the Partystate. As ＂gender＂ emerged as a sphere of critique of post-Mao inequalities, much of this organizing demonstrated tensions between creating collective concepts of women's liberation and promoting women's individualistic selfhood. This contributed to elements of women's organizing being compatible with neoliberal, privatized, ＂depoliticized＂ modes of governance, and thus continued de facto gender discrimination in China's political and economic realms. 本文主要透過「非政府組織」概念的演變和女權主義組織的「『非』政治化」（(de)politicization）的演變來追溯後毛澤東時代獨立女性組織的發展。在20世紀80年代和90年代，新的女性組織於中國成立，創建了一個充滿活力、黨國共存、並經常與其合作的之女權主義研究者與社會運動者社群。隨著「性別」成為後毛澤東時代對不平等展開批判的主題，這些社群中產生對於創造整體女性解放的概念、與促進個體女性自主之間的緊張局勢。這造成這些組織成分的發展與新自由主義、私有化、治理的「非政治化」模式相通，且因此在中國政治和經濟領域中，繼續接受實際上的性別歧視。