天津濱海新區產業發展之演變：城市治理下中央政府的角色

The Industrial Development Path of Tianjin BNA: Role of Central Government in Urban Governance

城市產業的發展是否必然具有高度路徑依賴的特質？路徑依賴的概念長期以來被大量用於解釋中國大陸城市產業的發展模式，但學者同時也強調國家與地方政府重點策略推動的影響同樣不可忽視，這其中的矛盾和折衝又如何獲得妥協與解決，始終是政治經濟學中備受關注的議題。天津重化工業一直是其經濟成長的基礎，然而2010 年天津卻被列為國家首批低碳城市試點，原來高碳消費之重化產業面臨轉型。如此巨大轉折究竟如何產生？本文由路徑依賴途徑討論中央政府與地方需求之間的折衝，發現天津近來的發展更符合路徑創造之解釋，尤其是中央政府在天津發展過程中，不僅是城市發展監管者，同時也是促使城市發展出現轉折的關鍵行為者。天津市成為低碳城市試點的路徑選擇，除了增益路徑依賴與路徑創造的討論，亦提供城市治理與發展的新思維。 Whether a city’s economic growth depends more on upwarddevelopment driven by local characteristics or downward request from acentral government has been an important issue in the field of politicaleconomics. From the perspective of city development, pillar industries in acity should be related with the competitive advantage of a city, such asgeopolitical location and industrial structure, so that the economy can growfast. That is, the development of city economy is associated with theframework of path dependence. In the case of Tianjin, heavy industries havebeen the foundation of economic growth. The Tianjin Binhai New Area(TBNA) is no exception and becomes a strategic town of petrochemicalindustries. However, in 2010, Tianjin was selected as a low-carbon trial cityby the central government and the Yujiapu CBD in TBNA was promoted asthe first Low Carbon Model Town of APEC. This low-carbon developmentclashes with Tianjin’s industrial foundation. Specifically, Tianjin’stransformation to a low-carbon city means that it has to greatly change itsindustrial structure from high carbon consumption to green industries. Path creation explains the transformation route of city development in Binhai ofTianjin and emphasizes the role of the central government, both as asupervisor and a main driver, in the creation of a new path. Overall, thedevelopment of TBNA supplements the discussion of path creation andprovides a new thinking for city development and governance.