觀光客凝視下之日常生活與空間：福建洪坑土樓個案研究

Everyday Life and Living Space under the Gaze of Tourists: A Case Study of an Earthen Building in Hongkeng, Fujian Province

本文藉由世界遺產地福建洪坑土樓的個案研究，探索觀光旅遊對古村落居民日常生活與空間之影響。本文採用個案研究作為整體性的研究策略，在資料蒐集方面採用了文本蒐集、半結構訪談、與參與式觀察等方法。研究結果發現，在現行觀光發展模式下，洪坑當地居民無論在謀生方式、生活方式、或空間使用等方面，皆發生顯著變化。在觀光客的凝視下，居民的生活環境成為一種消費符號以及展演場所。他們從傳統的農民身份轉變成商人身份，在土樓這個實體與社會空間中，與觀光客進行互動。在這個狀況下，土樓空間從原本家戶間的交流場所，轉變成為日常生活展演的舞台。 By analyzing an earthen building in Hongkeng, this study aims to examine the impact of tourism on the everyday lives and living spaces of traditional village residents. This study uses a case study as a holistic research strategy, employing several data collection methods, including document analysis, semi-structured interviews, and participatory observation. The results of the study indicate that under the current tourism development process, local Hongkeng residents' everyday lives, livelihoods, and living spaces have changed significantly. Their roles have also shifted from the traditional small farmer to becoming small business people, interacting and responding tourists on the “stage” where their everyday life takes place. Under the visual gaze of tourists, the living environment of the earthen building has began to display signs of consumption and become a place of display and performance. This essay also presents some policy suggestions regarding the issue of how to balance commercial development and cultural preservation.